Pavement Design for Airfields - index
Chapter 1 Introduction - ufc_3_260_020017
Use of Flexible Pavements
Soil Stabilization
Figure 1-1. Typical flexible pavement structure
Figure 1-3. Typical flexible pavement with stabilized base
Chapter 2 Army Airfield/Heliport Requirements
Army Aircraft Design Loads and Levels
Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavement - ufc_3_260_020024
Figure 2-1. Typical layout of traffic areas for Army Class III and IV airfields
Chapter 3 Air Force Airfield and Aggregate Surfaced Helicopter Slide Areas and Heliport Requirements
Medium-load and modified heavy-load airfield
Type B Traffic Areas
Aircraft Design Loads for Air Force Pavements
Design Pass Level for Air Force Pavements
Table 3-1 Design Gross Weights and Pass Levels for Airfield Pavements
Table 3-2 Gradation for Aggregate Surface Courses (Percent Passing)
Table 3-4 Frost Design Soil Classification
Table 3-5 Frost Area Soil Support Indices (FASSI) of Subgrade Soils
Table 3-6 Gradation for Aggregate Surface Courses (Percent Passing)
Table 3-7 Compaction Requirements for Helicopter Pads and Slide Areas
Surface Drainage - ufc_3_260_020037
Figure 3-1. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force light-load and auxiliary airfield pavements
Figure 3-2. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force medium
Figure 3-3. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force heavy-load airfield pavements
Figure 3-4. Aggregate surfaced design curves for helicopters
Chapter 4 Navy and Marine Corps Airfield Requirements
Aircraft Loadings
Table 4-1 Aircraft Characteristics and Design Loadings
Table 4-1 Aircraft Characteristics and Design Loadings - Cont'd
Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavement - ufc_3_260_020046
Pavement Design Policy
Figure 4-1. Primary, secondary, and supporting traffic areas for Navy
Figure 4-2. landing Gear Assemblies
Chapter 5 Site Investigations
Table 5-1 Soil Sampling and Testing Standards
Select Material and Subbase for Flexible Pavements
Soil Compaction Tests
Figure 5-1. Typical boring log
Figure 5-2. Typical soil profile
Figure 5-3. Approximate relationships of soil classification and soil strength
Chapter 6 Subgrade
Laboratory Tests
Subgrade Modulus of Soil Reaction
Table 6-1 Typical Values of Modulus of Soil Reaction
Subgrades with CBR values above 20
Table 6-2 Compation Requirements for Coshesive Sugrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements - Air Force Pavements
Table 6-3 Compation Requirements for Cohesioless Sugrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements - Air Force Pavements
Table 6-4 Compation Requirements for Cohesive Sugrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements - Air Force Pavements
Table 6-5 Compation Requirements for Cohesionless Sugrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements - Air Force Pavements
Table 6-6 Compaction Requirements for Navy and marine Corps Flexible Pavements
Table 6-7 Compaction Requirements for Shoulders
Treatment of Problem Soils
Stabilized Subgrades
Figure 6-1. Procedure for Determining Laboratory CBR of Subgrade Soils
Figure 6-2. Selection of design subgrade CBR using in-place tests
Chapter 7 Select Materials and Subbase Courses For Flexible Pavements
Table 7-1 Minimum Unconfined Compressive Strength for Cement, Lime, Lime-Cement
Separation Layers
Chapter 8 Aggregated Base Courses
Blast Furnace Slag
Aggregate Base Course for Army and Air Force Rigid Pavement
Table 8-2 Gradations for Lean Concrete Base Materials
Strength of Aggregate Base Courses for Flexible Pavements
Table 8-3 Minimum Surface and Aggregate Base-Course Thickness Requirements
Minimum Surface and Aggregate Base-Course Thickness Requirements
Table 8-6 Aggregate Base-Course Minimum Thickness Requirements for Navy
Compaction Requirements for Army
Figure 8-1. Effect of base-course thickness on modulus of soil reaction for nonfrost conditions
Chapter 9 Pavement Materials
Terminology
Mechanisms
Durability
Portland-Cement Stabilization
Durability
Bituminous Stabilization - ufc_3_260_020091
Portland-Cement Concrete
Reinforcing
Special Air Force Requirement
Special Airfield Exposure Conditions
Specification and Construction
Asphaltic Concrete
Mix Design - ufc_3_260_020098
Recycled Materials
Table 9-1 Types of Portland Cement
Chapter 10 Flexible Pavement Design - CBR Method
Additional Considerations for Thickness Design
Design Examples - ufc_3_260_020103
Design Examples - Cont'd
Stabilized Pavement Sections
Table 10-1 Example Design Using Mixed Traffic
Table 10-1 Example Design Using Mixed Traffic - Cont'd
Special Areas
Table 10-2 Equivalency Factors for Army and Air Force Pavements
Army Airfields
Juncture Between Rigid and Flexible Pavements
Figure 10-1. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class I heliports and helipads
Figure 10-2. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class II and V heliports and helipads
Figure 10-3. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class III airfields as defined in paragraph 4.c of Chapter 2
Figure 10-4. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields
Figure 10-5. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields
Figure 10-6. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields
Figure 10-7. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields
Figure 10-8. Flexible pavement design curves for Navy and Marine Corps single-wheel aircraft, primary and secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-9. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps dual-wheel aircraft, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-10. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps dual-wheel aircraft, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-11. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-130, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-12. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-130, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-13. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-141, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-14. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-141, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-15. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-5A, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-16. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-5A, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-17. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force light-load airfield
Figure 10-18. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force medium-load airfield
Figure 10-19. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force heavy-load pavement
Figure 10-20. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force modified heavy-load pavement
Figure 10-21a. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force C-130 assault landing zone airfield
Figure 10-21b. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force C-17 assault landing zone airfield
Figure 10-22. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force auxiliary airfield, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-23. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force auxiliary airfield, types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-24. Flexible pavement design curve for shoulders on Army and Air Force pavements
Figure 10-25. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for F-15, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-26. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for F-15, types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-27. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for C-141, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-28. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for C-141, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Figure 10-29. Air Force flexible pavement design curves for B-1, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-30. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-1, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Figure 10-31. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-52, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-32. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-52, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Chapter 11 Layer Elastic Design of Flexible Pavements
Table 11-1 Temperature Data for Jackson, Mississippi
Traffic volume
Aircraft loading
Material Characterization - ufc_3_260_020149
Subgrade soils
Table 11-2 Typical Poisson's Ratios for Four Classes of Pavement Materials
Asphalt Strain Criteria
Conventional Flexible Pavement Design
Pavements With a Stabilized Base Course
Example Design for Conventional Flexible Pavement
Table 11-3 Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for Conventional Flexible Pavement Design Based
Table 11-4 Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for Conventional Flexible Pavement Design Based
Table 11-5 Grouping Traffic into Traffic Groups According to Similar Asphalt Moduli
Table 11-6 Structure Data File for Input into the JULEA Computer Program
Table 11-7 Results of Computer Runs for the Example Problem
Step 5 - Computation of Damage Factors
Table 11-8 Data File for Computing Subgrade Damage for Pavement Thicknesses of 840, 760
Table 11-9 Program Output for Subgrade Damage for Pavement Thicknesses of 840, 760
Table 11-10 Data File for Computing Asphalt Damage
Table 11-11 Program Output for Asphalt Damage
Table 11-12 Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for ABC Pavement Design Based
Table 11-13 Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for ABC Pavement Design
Table 11-14 Data for Computing Damage Factors for Taxiway Design
Table 11-15 Data for Computing Damage Factors for Runway Design
Figure 11-1. Temperature relationships for selected bituminous concrete thickness
Figure 11-2. Computation of effective gear print for single gear
Figure 11-3. Computation of effective gear print for twin gear
Figure 11-4. Computation of repetition factor for tandem gear
Figure 11-5. Design criteria based on subgrade strain
Figure 11-7. Flow diagram of important steps in design of bituminous concrete pavement
Figure 11-8. Relationship between cracked section modulus and unconfined compressive strength
Figure 11-9. Flow diagram of important steps in design of pavements having chemically stabilized base course
Figure 11-10. Flow diagram of important steps in design of pavements having stabilized base
Figure 11-11. Estimation of resilient modulus MR
Figure 11-12. Results of laboratory tests for dynamic modulus of bituminous concrete
Figure 11-13. Section for pavement thickness of 760 millimeters (30 inches) for initial taxiway design
Figure 11-14. Section for pavement thickness of 610 millimeters (24 inches) for initial runway design
Figure 11-15. Pavement design for taxiways
Figure 11-16. Design for runways
Figure 11-17. Design for asphalt concrete surface
Figure 11-18. Computed strain at the top of the subgrade for taxiway design
Figure 11-19. Damage factor versus pavement thickness
Figure 11-20. Computed strain at the bottom of the asphalt for taxiway design
Figure 11-21. Computed strain at the top of the subgrade for runway design
Figure 11-22. Computed strain at the bottom of the asphalt for runway design
Chapter 12 Plain Concrete Pavements
Examples of Plain Concrete Pavement Design for Army and Air Force
Examples of Plain Concrete Pavement Design for Army and Air Force - Cont'd
Example Design, Slab on Stabilized Base
Example problem solution
Table 12-1 Example of Mixed Traffic Design
Structural Slab Cracking from Aircraft Loadings
Table 12-2 Stress-Strength Ratios and Allowable Coverages
Thickness design procedure for a single design aircraft
Table 12-3 Fatigue Damage Summary Sheet for Mixed Traffic
Table 12-4 Pass-to-Coverage Ratios
Design Examples for Navy and Marine Corps Plain Concrete Pavements
Subgrade evaluation and testing
Joint Uses
Table 12-5 Design Example for Primary (Channelized) Traffic Areas
Table 12-5 Design Example for Primary (Channelized) Traffic Areas - Cont'd
Table 12-6 Design Example for Primary (Unchannelized) Traffic Areas - Cont'd
Table 12-6 Design Example for Primary (Unchannelized) Traffic Areas - Cont'd
Joints for Army and Air Force Pavements
Width and depth of sealant reservoir
Table 12-7 Recommended Spacing of Transverse Contraction Joints
Table 12-8 Dowel Size and Spacing for Construction, Contraction, and Expansion Joints
Between pavement and structures
Joint For Navy and Marine Corps Pavement
Contraction (Weakened Plane) Joints
Joint Sealants
Jointing Pattern For Rigid Airfield Pavements
Expansion Joints and Slip Joints
Tied Joints (Navy Only)
Sample Joint Layouts
Sample Joint Layouts - Cont'd - ufc_3_260_020221
Sample Joint Layouts - Cont'd - ufc_3_260_020222
Figure 12-1. Plain concrete design curves for Army Helipads, Class I
Figure 12-2. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class II airfields
Figure 12-3. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class III airfields as defined in paragraph 4.c of Chapter 2
Figure 12-3. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-130 Aircraft) With Runway 1,525 Meters (5,000 Feet)
Figure 12-5. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-17 Aircraft) With Runway 2,745 Meters (9,000 Feet)
Figure 12-6. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force light-load pavements
Figure 12-7. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force medium-load pavements
Figure 12-8. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force heavy-load pavements
Figure 12-9. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force modified heavy-load pavements
Figure 12-10. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force C-130 assault landing zone pavements
Figure 12-11. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force C-17 assault landing zone
Figure 12-12. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force auxiliary pavements
Figure 12-13. Plain concrete design curves for F-15 aircraft
Figure 12-14. Plain concrete design curves for C-141 aircraft
Figure 12-16. Plain concrete design curves for B-1 aircraft
Figure 12-17. Plain concrete design curves for shoulders
Figure 12-18. Example of allowable passes determination
Figure 12-20. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for P-3 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-21. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-130 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-22. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-141 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-23. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-5A aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-24. Chart for determining flexural stress for single-wheel gear (Navy)
Figure 12-25. Chart for determining flexural stress for P-3 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-26. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-130 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-27. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-141 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-28. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-5A aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-29. Typical jointing
Figure 12-30. Contraction joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-31. Joint sealant details for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 12-31. (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 12-31. (Sheet 3 of 3)
Figure 12-32. Construction joints for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 12-32. (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 12-32. (Sheet 3 of 3)
Figure 12-33. Expansion joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-34. Slip joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-35. Rigid-Flexible Pavement Junction (Army of Air Force)
Figure 12-36. Rigid-Flexible Pavement Junction
Figure 12-37. PCC to AC joint detail (removal and construction)
Figure 12-38. PCC to AC joint detail (very little traffic expected)
Figure 12-39. Sample jointing pattern (SI units)
Figure 12-40. Sample jointing pattern (metric units)
Figure 12-41. Sample Jointing Pattern for 180-ft.Wide Lanes
Figure 12-42. Sample jointing pattern at an intersection
Figure 12-43. Effects of confusion in sawing joints
Chapter 13 Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design
Reduced Thicknes Design - Army and Air Force
Reinforcemnt to Control Pavement Cracking
Mismatched Joints
Reinforced Concrete Pavements in Frost Areas
Jointing - ufc_3_260_020273
Assume that a 152-millimeter (6-inch) lean concrete base course will be used
Table 13-1 Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design Example
Table 14-1 Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design Example on a Lean Concrete Base Course
Figure 13-1. Reinforced concrete pavement design
Figure 13-2. Typical layouts showing reinforcement of odd-shaped slabs
Figure 13-2. (Concluded)
Figure 13-3. Reinforcing steel details (Continued)
Figure 13-3. (Concluded)
Figure 13-4. Contraction joints for reinforced concrete pavements
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 2 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 3 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 4 of 4)
Figure 13-6. Expansion joints for reinforced concrete pavements
Chapter 14 Fibrous Concrete Pavement Design
Allowable Deflection for Fibrous Concrete Pavement
Example of Fibrous Concrete Pavement Design
Figure 14-1. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for UH-60
Figure 14-2. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for CH-47
Figure 14-3. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for C-130
Figure 14-4. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force light-load airfields
Figure 14-5. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force medium-load airfields
Figure 14-6. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force heavy-load airfields
Figure 14-7. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force modified heavy-load airfields
Figure 14-8. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force shortfield airfields
Figure 14-9. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for shoulders
Figure 14-10. Deflection curves for UH-60
Figure 14-11. Deflection curves for CH-47
Figure 14-12. Deflection curves for C-130
Figure 14-13. Deflection curves for Air Force light-load pavements
Figure 14-14. Deflection curves for Air Force medium-load pavements
Figure 14-15. Deflection curves for Air Force heavy-load pavements
Figure 14-16. Deflection curves for Air Force modified heavy-load pavements
Figure 14-17. Deflection curves for Air Force shortfield pavements
Figure 14-18. Deflection curves for shoulder pavements
Figure 14-19. Allowable Deflection Curve for Fiberous Concrete Pavements
Figure 14-19. Allowable Deflection Curve for Fiberous Concrete Pavements - Cont'd
Chapter 15 Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design
Reinforcing Steel Design
Terminal Design
Example of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design
Example of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design - Cont'd
Example of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design - Cont'd
Figure 15-1. Details of a wide-flange beam joint
Chapter 16 Prestressed Concrete Pavement Design
Design Procedure - ufc_3_260_020319
Design Procedure - Cont'd
Prestressed Tendon Design - ufc_3_260_020321
Prestressing Steel Tendons
Jointing - ufc_3_260_020323
Examples of Prestressed Concrete Pavement Design
Prestressed Tendon Design - ufc_3_260_020325
Prestressed Tendon Design - Cont'd
Figure 16-1. Stress repetitions versus load repetition factor
Figure 16-2. A/R2 versus load-moment factor
Figure 16-3. Ratio of multiple wheel gear to single-wheel gear load versus A/R2
Figure 16-4. Typical section of transverse joints
Figure 16-5. Typical transverse joint seals (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 16-5. (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 16-5. (Sheet 3 of 3)
Figure 16-6. Thickness versus design prestress
Chapter 17 Overlay Pavement Design
Site Investigations - ufc_3_260_020336
Preparation of Existing Pavement
Condition of Existing Concrete Pavement
Rigid Overlay of Existing Rigid Pavement
Plain Concrete Overlay - ufc_3_260_020340
Example of Plain Concrete Overlay Design
Reinforced Concrete Overlay
Reinforced Concrete Overlay - Cont'd
Continuously Reinforced Concrete Overlay
Prestressed Concrete Overlay of Rigid Pavement
All-Bituminous Overlay
Reflective Cracking
Table 17-1 Pass per Coverage Ratios
Nonrigid Overlay on Flexible Pavement
As an example of the overlay design procedure
Overlays in Frost Regions
Figure 17-1. Structural condition index versus condition factor
Figure 17-2. Factor for projecting cracking in a flexible pavement
Figure 17-3. Location guide for the use of geotextiles in retarding reflective cracking
Chapter 18 Rigid Pavement Inlay Design
Rigid Inlays In Existing Rigid Pavement
Figure 18-1. Typical rigid pavement inlay in existing flexible pavement
Figure 18-2. Typical rigid pavement inlay in existing rigid pavement
Chapter 19 Layer Elastic Design of Rigid Pavements
Material Characterization - ufc_3_260_020360
Bound Bases (Subbases)
Table 19-1 Recommended Maximum Stress Levels to Test Bituminous-Stabilized Materials
Material requirement
Modulus and Poisson's ratio
Design Criteria - ufc_3_260_020365
Frost Consideration
Base Slab Pavement Fatigue and Structural Condition
Reinforced Concrete
Design Examples - ufc_3_260_020369
Design Example 1, Single Aircraft
Table 19-3 Computation of Cumulative Damage for Selected Pavement Sections, Granular Bases
Table 19-5 Characteristics of Design Aircraft
Table 19-6 Computation of Cumulative Damege for Mixed Traffic, 10-inch Stabilized Base Course
Table 19-7 Relationship Between Cumulative Damage and PCC Thickness for Mixed Traffic
Design Example 4, Alternate Overlay Design Procedure
Table 19-8 Data for Overlay Design, Example 4 (Base Slab Calculations)
Table 19-9 Time Intervals for the 356-millimeter (14-inch) Overlay
Table 19-10 Computation of the Cumulative Damage for the 14-inch Overlay
Table 19-10 Computation of the Cumulative Damage for the 14-inch Overlay - Cont'd
Figure 19-1. Diagram for Design of Airfield Rigid Pavements
Figure 19-2. Correlation between resilient modulus of elasticity
Figure 19-3. Relationship between SCI and coverages at initial cracking
Figure 19-4. Base slab performance curve
Figure 19-6. Overlay thickness versus logarithm of time
Figure 19-8. Relationship between cumulative damage
Figure 19-9. Relationship between cumulative damage and pavement thickness
Figure 19-10. Base slab performance curve for the 356-millimeter (14-inch) overlay
Figure 19-11. Actual performance curve with the 356-millimeter (14-inch) overlay in place
Figure 19-13. Results of the analysis performed on the 305-, 356
Chapter 20 Seasonal Frost Conditions
Table 20-1 Frost Design Classification
Table 20-2 Frost Susceptibility Classification
Table 20-3 Frost Area Soil Support Indexes (FASSI) for Subgrade Soils
Control of surface roughness in overruns
It is good practice to use a combined base thickness equal in thickness to the slab
Limited Subgrade Frost Penetration Method
Limited Subgrade Frost Penetration Method - Cont'd - ufc_3_260_020397
Limited Subgrade Frost Penetration Method - Cont'd - ufc_3_260_020398
Granular Base and Subgrade-Course Requirements
Drainage Layer Requirements
Depth of Subgrade Preparation
Control of Differential Heave at Drains, Culveerts, Ducts, Inlets, Hydrants, and Lights
Pavement Thickness Transitions
Compaction - ufc_3_260_020404
Example 2. Design a type A traffic area on an Army
Rigid Pavement Design Examples for Seasonal Frost Conditions
Example 1. Design an Air Force medium-load pavement
Limited subgrade frost penetration design - ufc_3_260_020408
Limited subgrade frost penetration design - Cont'd - ufc_3_260_020409
Example 2. Design an Air Force heavy-load pavement airfield
Reduced subgrade design
Limited subgrade frost penetration design - ufc_3_260_020412
Limited subgrade frost penetration design - cont'd - ufc_3_260_020413
Subgrade preparation
Subgrade preparation - Cont'd
Figure 20-1. Frost area index of reaction (FAIR) for design of rigid pavements
Figure 20-2. Determination of freezing index
Figure 20-3. Distribution of design freezing indexes in North America
Figure 20-4. Distribution of mean freezing indexes in Northern Eurasia
Figure 20-5. Frost penetration beneath pavements
Figure 20-6. Design of combined base thickness for limited subgrade frost penetration
Figure 20-7. Placement of drainage layer in frost areas
Figure 20-8. Tapered transition used where embankment material differs from natural subgrade in cut
Figure 20-9. Subgrade details for cold regions
Figure 20-10. Transitions for culverts beneath pavements
Figure 20-11. Relationship between base course thickness and PCC thickness for example 1
Figure 20-12. Relationship between base course thickness and PCC thickness for example 2
Chapter 21. Improving SKid Resistance/Reducing Hydroplaning Potential Of Runways
Porous Friction Surfaces.
Figure 21-1. Groove configuration for airfields
Appendix B: Airfield/Helicopter Design Analysis Outline
Site Description
Results Of Investigations And Testing
Pavement Thickness Design Criteria
Drainage Design - ufc_3_260_020443
Construction Materials
List of Required Waivers
Appendix C: Recommended Contract Drawing Outline For Airfield/Heliport Pavements
Phasing Plan and Details
Pavement Removal Plan
Paving Plan - ufc_3_260_020449
Plan and Profile Sheets
Reinforcing Details
Appendix D: Waiver Processing Procedures
Additional Requirements
Air Force:
Navy and Marine Corps
Obtaining Waiver
Appendix E: Determination pf Flexural Strength and Modulus Of Elasticity Of Bituminous Concrete
Test Procedures
Report
Appendix F: Curves For Determining Effective Strain Repetitions
Figure F-2. Effective repetitions of strain for UH-60 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-3. Effective repetitions of strain for CH-47 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-4. Effective repetitions of strain for CH-47 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-5. Effective repetitions of strain for OV-1 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-6. Effective repetitions of strain for OV-1 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-7. Effective repetitions of strain for C-12 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-8. Effective repetitions of strain for C-12 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-9. Effective repetitions of strain for C-130 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-10. Effective repetitions of strain for C-130 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-11. Effective repetitions of strain for F-15 aircraft, Air Force types B and C traffic areas
Figure F-12. Effective repetitions of strain for F-15 aircraft, Air Force type A traffic areas
Figure F-13. Effective repetitions of strain for F-14 aircraft, types B, C and secondary traffic areas
Figure F-14. Effective repetitions of strain for F-14 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-15. Effective repetitions of strain for B-52 aircraft, types B, C or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-16. Effective repetitions of strain for B-52 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-17. Effective repetitions of strain for B-1 and C-141 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-18. Effective repetitions of strain for B-1 and C-141 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-19. Effective repetitions of strain for P-3 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-20. Effective repetitions of strain for P-3 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-21. Effective repetitions of strain for C-5 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-22. Effective repetitions of strain for C-5 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Appendix G Procedure For Aration of Bituminous Cylindrical Specimens
Procedure - ufc_3_260_020483
Appendix H Procedure for Determining the Dynamic Modulus of Bituminous Concrete Mixtures
Procedure - ufc_3_260_020485
Calculations
Appendix I Procedure for Estimating the Modulus of Elasticity of Bituminous Concrete
Corrected Aggregate Volume Concentration
Figure I-1. Relationship between penetration at 25 degrees C and ring
Figure I-2. Nomograph for determining the stiffness modulus of bitumens
Appendix J Procedure for Determining the Modulus of Elasticiity of Unbound Granular and Subbase Course Materials
Relationships
Figure J-1. Relationships between modulus of layer n and modulus of layer n + 1 for various thicknesses of unbound base course
Figure J-2. Modulus values determined for first example
Appendix K Procedure for Determining the Flexural Modulus and Fatigue Characteristics of Stabilized Solis
Test Procedure
Fatigue characteristics
Figure K-1. General view of equipment setup
Figure K-3. Miscellaneous details
Appendix L Procedure for Determining Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Material
Cohesive Soils Containing Negligible Amounts of Gravel
Cohesionless Soils Containing Negligible Amounts of Gravel
Soils Containing Gravel
Q Test With Back-Pressure Saturation
Chamber Pressure
Equipment - ufc_3_260_020506
Preparation of Specimens and Placement in Triaxial Cell - ufc_3_260_020507
Resilience Testing of Cohesive soils
Resilience Testing of Cohesionless Soils
Interpretation of Test Results
Special Considerations
Figure L-1. Schematic diagram of typical triaxial compression apparatus
Figure L-2. Triaxial cell
Figure L-3. LVDT clamps
Figure L-4. Presentation of results of resilience tests on cohesive soils
Figure L-5. Presentation of results of resilience tests on cohesionless soils
Figure L-6. Estimated deviator stress at top of subgrade
Figure L-7. Determination of subgrade modulus for cohesive soils
Figure L-8. Relationship for estimating 2 due to overburden
Figure L-9. Estimated at Top of Subgrade
Figure L-10. Selection of Mr for Silty-Sand Subgrade with Estimated Thickness of 762 Millimeters
Appendix M Procedure for Determining the Fatigue Life of Bituminous Concrete
Specimen Preparation
Report and Presentation of Results
Figure M-1. Repeated Flexure Apparatus
Figure M-2. Initial mixture bending strain versus repetitions to fracture in controlled stress tests
Figure M-3. Provisional fatigue data for bituminous base-course materials
Appendix N Procedure for Determining the Resilient Modulus of Granular Base Material
End Platens
Preparation of Specimens and Placement in Triaxial Cell - ufc_3_260_020530
Placement of LVDT Measurement Clamps
Computations and Presentation of Results
Presentation of Results
Figure N-1. Triaxial cell used in resilience testing of granular base material
Figure N-2. Schematic of frictionless cap and base
Figure N-3. Details of Top LVDT ring clamp
Figure N-4. Details of bottom LVDT ring clamp
Figure N-5. Representation of results of resilience test on cohesionless soils
Chapter 1 Introduction - ufc_3_260_020017
Use of Flexible Pavements
Soil Stabilization
Figure 1-1. Typical flexible pavement structure
Figure 1-3. Typical flexible pavement with stabilized base
Chapter 2 Army Airfield/Heliport Requirements
Army Aircraft Design Loads and Levels
Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavement - ufc_3_260_020024
Figure 2-1. Typical layout of traffic areas for Army Class III and IV airfields
Chapter 3 Air Force Airfield and Aggregate Surfaced Helicopter Slide Areas and Heliport Requirements
Medium-load and modified heavy-load airfield
Type B Traffic Areas
Aircraft Design Loads for Air Force Pavements
Design Pass Level for Air Force Pavements
Table 3-1 Design Gross Weights and Pass Levels for Airfield Pavements
Table 3-2 Gradation for Aggregate Surface Courses (Percent Passing)
Table 3-4 Frost Design Soil Classification
Table 3-5 Frost Area Soil Support Indices (FASSI) of Subgrade Soils
Table 3-6 Gradation for Aggregate Surface Courses (Percent Passing)
Table 3-7 Compaction Requirements for Helicopter Pads and Slide Areas
Surface Drainage - ufc_3_260_020037
Figure 3-1. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force light-load and auxiliary airfield pavements
Figure 3-2. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force medium
Figure 3-3. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force heavy-load airfield pavements
Figure 3-4. Aggregate surfaced design curves for helicopters
Chapter 4 Navy and Marine Corps Airfield Requirements
Aircraft Loadings
Table 4-1 Aircraft Characteristics and Design Loadings
Table 4-1 Aircraft Characteristics and Design Loadings - Cont'd
Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavement - ufc_3_260_020046
Pavement Design Policy
Figure 4-1. Primary, secondary, and supporting traffic areas for Navy
Figure 4-2. landing Gear Assemblies
Chapter 5 Site Investigations
Table 5-1 Soil Sampling and Testing Standards
Select Material and Subbase for Flexible Pavements
Soil Compaction Tests
Figure 5-1. Typical boring log
Figure 5-2. Typical soil profile
Figure 5-3. Approximate relationships of soil classification and soil strength
Chapter 6 Subgrade
Laboratory Tests
Subgrade Modulus of Soil Reaction
Table 6-1 Typical Values of Modulus of Soil Reaction
Subgrades with CBR values above 20
Table 6-2 Compation Requirements for Coshesive Sugrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements - Air Force Pavements
Table 6-3 Compation Requirements for Cohesioless Sugrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements - Air Force Pavements
Table 6-4 Compation Requirements for Cohesive Sugrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements - Air Force Pavements
Table 6-5 Compation Requirements for Cohesionless Sugrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements - Air Force Pavements
Table 6-6 Compaction Requirements for Navy and marine Corps Flexible Pavements
Table 6-7 Compaction Requirements for Shoulders
Treatment of Problem Soils
Stabilized Subgrades
Figure 6-1. Procedure for Determining Laboratory CBR of Subgrade Soils
Figure 6-2. Selection of design subgrade CBR using in-place tests
Chapter 7 Select Materials and Subbase Courses For Flexible Pavements
Table 7-1 Minimum Unconfined Compressive Strength for Cement, Lime, Lime-Cement
Separation Layers
Chapter 8 Aggregated Base Courses
Blast Furnace Slag
Aggregate Base Course for Army and Air Force Rigid Pavement
Table 8-2 Gradations for Lean Concrete Base Materials
Strength of Aggregate Base Courses for Flexible Pavements
Table 8-3 Minimum Surface and Aggregate Base-Course Thickness Requirements
Minimum Surface and Aggregate Base-Course Thickness Requirements
Table 8-6 Aggregate Base-Course Minimum Thickness Requirements for Navy
Compaction Requirements for Army
Figure 8-1. Effect of base-course thickness on modulus of soil reaction for nonfrost conditions
Chapter 9 Pavement Materials
Terminology
Mechanisms
Durability
Portland-Cement Stabilization
Durability
Bituminous Stabilization - ufc_3_260_020091
Portland-Cement Concrete
Reinforcing
Special Air Force Requirement
Special Airfield Exposure Conditions
Specification and Construction
Asphaltic Concrete
Mix Design - ufc_3_260_020098
Recycled Materials
Table 9-1 Types of Portland Cement
Chapter 10 Flexible Pavement Design - CBR Method
Additional Considerations for Thickness Design
Design Examples - ufc_3_260_020103
Design Examples - Cont'd
Stabilized Pavement Sections
Table 10-1 Example Design Using Mixed Traffic
Table 10-1 Example Design Using Mixed Traffic - Cont'd
Special Areas
Table 10-2 Equivalency Factors for Army and Air Force Pavements
Army Airfields
Juncture Between Rigid and Flexible Pavements
Figure 10-1. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class I heliports and helipads
Figure 10-2. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class II and V heliports and helipads
Figure 10-3. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class III airfields as defined in paragraph 4.c of Chapter 2
Figure 10-4. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields
Figure 10-5. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields
Figure 10-6. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields
Figure 10-7. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields
Figure 10-8. Flexible pavement design curves for Navy and Marine Corps single-wheel aircraft, primary and secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-9. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps dual-wheel aircraft, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-10. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps dual-wheel aircraft, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-11. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-130, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-12. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-130, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-13. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-141, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-14. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-141, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-15. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-5A, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-16. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-5A, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-17. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force light-load airfield
Figure 10-18. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force medium-load airfield
Figure 10-19. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force heavy-load pavement
Figure 10-20. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force modified heavy-load pavement
Figure 10-21a. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force C-130 assault landing zone airfield
Figure 10-21b. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force C-17 assault landing zone airfield
Figure 10-22. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force auxiliary airfield, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-23. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force auxiliary airfield, types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-24. Flexible pavement design curve for shoulders on Army and Air Force pavements
Figure 10-25. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for F-15, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-26. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for F-15, types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-27. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for C-141, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-28. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for C-141, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Figure 10-29. Air Force flexible pavement design curves for B-1, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-30. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-1, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Figure 10-31. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-52, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-32. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-52, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Chapter 11 Layer Elastic Design of Flexible Pavements
Table 11-1 Temperature Data for Jackson, Mississippi
Traffic volume
Aircraft loading
Material Characterization - ufc_3_260_020149
Subgrade soils
Table 11-2 Typical Poisson's Ratios for Four Classes of Pavement Materials
Asphalt Strain Criteria
Conventional Flexible Pavement Design
Pavements With a Stabilized Base Course
Example Design for Conventional Flexible Pavement
Table 11-3 Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for Conventional Flexible Pavement Design Based
Table 11-4 Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for Conventional Flexible Pavement Design Based
Table 11-5 Grouping Traffic into Traffic Groups According to Similar Asphalt Moduli
Table 11-6 Structure Data File for Input into the JULEA Computer Program
Table 11-7 Results of Computer Runs for the Example Problem
Step 5 - Computation of Damage Factors
Table 11-8 Data File for Computing Subgrade Damage for Pavement Thicknesses of 840, 760
Table 11-9 Program Output for Subgrade Damage for Pavement Thicknesses of 840, 760
Table 11-10 Data File for Computing Asphalt Damage
Table 11-11 Program Output for Asphalt Damage
Table 11-12 Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for ABC Pavement Design Based
Table 11-13 Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for ABC Pavement Design
Table 11-14 Data for Computing Damage Factors for Taxiway Design
Table 11-15 Data for Computing Damage Factors for Runway Design
Figure 11-1. Temperature relationships for selected bituminous concrete thickness
Figure 11-2. Computation of effective gear print for single gear
Figure 11-3. Computation of effective gear print for twin gear
Figure 11-4. Computation of repetition factor for tandem gear
Figure 11-5. Design criteria based on subgrade strain
Figure 11-7. Flow diagram of important steps in design of bituminous concrete pavement
Figure 11-8. Relationship between cracked section modulus and unconfined compressive strength
Figure 11-9. Flow diagram of important steps in design of pavements having chemically stabilized base course
Figure 11-10. Flow diagram of important steps in design of pavements having stabilized base
Figure 11-11. Estimation of resilient modulus MR
Figure 11-12. Results of laboratory tests for dynamic modulus of bituminous concrete
Figure 11-13. Section for pavement thickness of 760 millimeters (30 inches) for initial taxiway design
Figure 11-14. Section for pavement thickness of 610 millimeters (24 inches) for initial runway design
Figure 11-15. Pavement design for taxiways
Figure 11-16. Design for runways
Figure 11-17. Design for asphalt concrete surface
Figure 11-18. Computed strain at the top of the subgrade for taxiway design
Figure 11-19. Damage factor versus pavement thickness
Figure 11-20. Computed strain at the bottom of the asphalt for taxiway design
Figure 11-21. Computed strain at the top of the subgrade for runway design
Figure 11-22. Computed strain at the bottom of the asphalt for runway design
Chapter 12 Plain Concrete Pavements
Examples of Plain Concrete Pavement Design for Army and Air Force
Examples of Plain Concrete Pavement Design for Army and Air Force - Cont'd
Example Design, Slab on Stabilized Base
Example problem solution
Table 12-1 Example of Mixed Traffic Design
Structural Slab Cracking from Aircraft Loadings
Table 12-2 Stress-Strength Ratios and Allowable Coverages
Thickness design procedure for a single design aircraft
Table 12-3 Fatigue Damage Summary Sheet for Mixed Traffic
Table 12-4 Pass-to-Coverage Ratios
Design Examples for Navy and Marine Corps Plain Concrete Pavements
Subgrade evaluation and testing
Joint Uses
Table 12-5 Design Example for Primary (Channelized) Traffic Areas
Table 12-5 Design Example for Primary (Channelized) Traffic Areas - Cont'd
Table 12-6 Design Example for Primary (Unchannelized) Traffic Areas - Cont'd
Table 12-6 Design Example for Primary (Unchannelized) Traffic Areas - Cont'd
Joints for Army and Air Force Pavements
Width and depth of sealant reservoir
Table 12-7 Recommended Spacing of Transverse Contraction Joints
Table 12-8 Dowel Size and Spacing for Construction, Contraction, and Expansion Joints
Between pavement and structures
Joint For Navy and Marine Corps Pavement
Contraction (Weakened Plane) Joints
Joint Sealants
Jointing Pattern For Rigid Airfield Pavements
Expansion Joints and Slip Joints
Tied Joints (Navy Only)
Sample Joint Layouts
Sample Joint Layouts - Cont'd - ufc_3_260_020221
Sample Joint Layouts - Cont'd - ufc_3_260_020222
Figure 12-1. Plain concrete design curves for Army Helipads, Class I
Figure 12-2. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class II airfields
Figure 12-3. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class III airfields as defined in paragraph 4.c of Chapter 2
Figure 12-3. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-130 Aircraft) With Runway 1,525 Meters (5,000 Feet)
Figure 12-5. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-17 Aircraft) With Runway 2,745 Meters (9,000 Feet)
Figure 12-6. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force light-load pavements
Figure 12-7. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force medium-load pavements
Figure 12-8. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force heavy-load pavements
Figure 12-9. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force modified heavy-load pavements
Figure 12-10. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force C-130 assault landing zone pavements
Figure 12-11. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force C-17 assault landing zone
Figure 12-12. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force auxiliary pavements
Figure 12-13. Plain concrete design curves for F-15 aircraft
Figure 12-14. Plain concrete design curves for C-141 aircraft
Figure 12-16. Plain concrete design curves for B-1 aircraft
Figure 12-17. Plain concrete design curves for shoulders
Figure 12-18. Example of allowable passes determination
Figure 12-20. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for P-3 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-21. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-130 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-22. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-141 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-23. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-5A aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-24. Chart for determining flexural stress for single-wheel gear (Navy)
Figure 12-25. Chart for determining flexural stress for P-3 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-26. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-130 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-27. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-141 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-28. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-5A aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-29. Typical jointing
Figure 12-30. Contraction joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-31. Joint sealant details for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 12-31. (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 12-31. (Sheet 3 of 3)
Figure 12-32. Construction joints for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 12-32. (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 12-32. (Sheet 3 of 3)
Figure 12-33. Expansion joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-34. Slip joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-35. Rigid-Flexible Pavement Junction (Army of Air Force)
Figure 12-36. Rigid-Flexible Pavement Junction
Figure 12-37. PCC to AC joint detail (removal and construction)
Figure 12-38. PCC to AC joint detail (very little traffic expected)
Figure 12-39. Sample jointing pattern (SI units)
Figure 12-40. Sample jointing pattern (metric units)
Figure 12-41. Sample Jointing Pattern for 180-ft.Wide Lanes
Figure 12-42. Sample jointing pattern at an intersection
Figure 12-43. Effects of confusion in sawing joints
Chapter 13 Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design
Reduced Thicknes Design - Army and Air Force
Reinforcemnt to Control Pavement Cracking
Mismatched Joints
Reinforced Concrete Pavements in Frost Areas
Jointing - ufc_3_260_020273
Assume that a 152-millimeter (6-inch) lean concrete base course will be used
Table 13-1 Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design Example
Table 14-1 Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design Example on a Lean Concrete Base Course
Figure 13-1. Reinforced concrete pavement design
Figure 13-2. Typical layouts showing reinforcement of odd-shaped slabs
Figure 13-2. (Concluded)
Figure 13-3. Reinforcing steel details (Continued)
Figure 13-3. (Concluded)
Figure 13-4. Contraction joints for reinforced concrete pavements
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 2 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 3 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 4 of 4)
Figure 13-6. Expansion joints for reinforced concrete pavements
Chapter 14 Fibrous Concrete Pavement Design
Allowable Deflection for Fibrous Concrete Pavement
Example of Fibrous Concrete Pavement Design
Figure 14-1. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for UH-60
Figure 14-2. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for CH-47
Figure 14-3. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for C-130
Figure 14-4. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force light-load airfields
Figure 14-5. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force medium-load airfields
Figure 14-6. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force heavy-load airfields
Figure 14-7. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force modified heavy-load airfields
Figure 14-8. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force shortfield airfields
Figure 14-9. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for shoulders
Figure 14-10. Deflection curves for UH-60
Figure 14-11. Deflection curves for CH-47
Figure 14-12. Deflection curves for C-130
Figure 14-13. Deflection curves for Air Force light-load pavements
Figure 14-14. Deflection curves for Air Force medium-load pavements
Figure 14-15. Deflection curves for Air Force heavy-load pavements
Figure 14-16. Deflection curves for Air Force modified heavy-load pavements
Figure 14-17. Deflection curves for Air Force shortfield pavements
Figure 14-18. Deflection curves for shoulder pavements
Figure 14-19. Allowable Deflection Curve for Fiberous Concrete Pavements
Figure 14-19. Allowable Deflection Curve for Fiberous Concrete Pavements - Cont'd
Chapter 15 Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design
Reinforcing Steel Design
Terminal Design
Example of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design
Example of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design - Cont'd
Example of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design - Cont'd
Figure 15-1. Details of a wide-flange beam joint
Chapter 16 Prestressed Concrete Pavement Design
Design Procedure - ufc_3_260_020319
Design Procedure - Cont'd
Prestressed Tendon Design - ufc_3_260_020321
Prestressing Steel Tendons
Jointing - ufc_3_260_020323
Examples of Prestressed Concrete Pavement Design
Prestressed Tendon Design - ufc_3_260_020325
Prestressed Tendon Design - Cont'd
Figure 16-1. Stress repetitions versus load repetition factor
Figure 16-2. A/R2 versus load-moment factor
Figure 16-3. Ratio of multiple wheel gear to single-wheel gear load versus A/R2
Figure 16-4. Typical section of transverse joints
Figure 16-5. Typical transverse joint seals (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 16-5. (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 16-5. (Sheet 3 of 3)
Figure 16-6. Thickness versus design prestress
Chapter 17 Overlay Pavement Design
Site Investigations - ufc_3_260_020336
Preparation of Existing Pavement
Condition of Existing Concrete Pavement
Rigid Overlay of Existing Rigid Pavement
Plain Concrete Overlay - ufc_3_260_020340
Example of Plain Concrete Overlay Design
Reinforced Concrete Overlay
Reinforced Concrete Overlay - Cont'd
Continuously Reinforced Concrete Overlay
Prestressed Concrete Overlay of Rigid Pavement
All-Bituminous Overlay
Reflective Cracking
Table 17-1 Pass per Coverage Ratios
Nonrigid Overlay on Flexible Pavement
As an example of the overlay design procedure
Overlays in Frost Regions
Figure 17-1. Structural condition index versus condition factor
Figure 17-2. Factor for projecting cracking in a flexible pavement
Figure 17-3. Location guide for the use of geotextiles in retarding reflective cracking
Chapter 18 Rigid Pavement Inlay Design
Rigid Inlays In Existing Rigid Pavement
Figure 18-1. Typical rigid pavement inlay in existing flexible pavement
Figure 18-2. Typical rigid pavement inlay in existing rigid pavement
Chapter 19 Layer Elastic Design of Rigid Pavements
Material Characterization - ufc_3_260_020360
Bound Bases (Subbases)
Table 19-1 Recommended Maximum Stress Levels to Test Bituminous-Stabilized Materials
Material requirement
Modulus and Poisson's ratio
Design Criteria - ufc_3_260_020365
Frost Consideration
Base Slab Pavement Fatigue and Structural Condition
Reinforced Concrete
Design Examples - ufc_3_260_020369
Design Example 1, Single Aircraft
Table 19-3 Computation of Cumulative Damage for Selected Pavement Sections, Granular Bases
Table 19-5 Characteristics of Design Aircraft
Table 19-6 Computation of Cumulative Damege for Mixed Traffic, 10-inch Stabilized Base Course
Table 19-7 Relationship Between Cumulative Damage and PCC Thickness for Mixed Traffic
Design Example 4, Alternate Overlay Design Procedure
Table 19-8 Data for Overlay Design, Example 4 (Base Slab Calculations)
Table 19-9 Time Intervals for the 356-millimeter (14-inch) Overlay
Table 19-10 Computation of the Cumulative Damage for the 14-inch Overlay
Table 19-10 Computation of the Cumulative Damage for the 14-inch Overlay - Cont'd
Figure 19-1. Diagram for Design of Airfield Rigid Pavements
Figure 19-2. Correlation between resilient modulus of elasticity
Figure 19-3. Relationship between SCI and coverages at initial cracking
Figure 19-4. Base slab performance curve
Figure 19-6. Overlay thickness versus logarithm of time
Figure 19-8. Relationship between cumulative damage
Figure 19-9. Relationship between cumulative damage and pavement thickness
Figure 19-10. Base slab performance curve for the 356-millimeter (14-inch) overlay
Figure 19-11. Actual performance curve with the 356-millimeter (14-inch) overlay in place
Figure 19-13. Results of the analysis performed on the 305-, 356
Chapter 20 Seasonal Frost Conditions
Table 20-1 Frost Design Classification
Table 20-2 Frost Susceptibility Classification
Table 20-3 Frost Area Soil Support Indexes (FASSI) for Subgrade Soils
Control of surface roughness in overruns
It is good practice to use a combined base thickness equal in thickness to the slab
Limited Subgrade Frost Penetration Method
Limited Subgrade Frost Penetration Method - Cont'd - ufc_3_260_020397
Limited Subgrade Frost Penetration Method - Cont'd - ufc_3_260_020398
Granular Base and Subgrade-Course Requirements
Drainage Layer Requirements
Depth of Subgrade Preparation
Control of Differential Heave at Drains, Culveerts, Ducts, Inlets, Hydrants, and Lights
Pavement Thickness Transitions
Compaction - ufc_3_260_020404
Example 2. Design a type A traffic area on an Army
Rigid Pavement Design Examples for Seasonal Frost Conditions
Example 1. Design an Air Force medium-load pavement
Limited subgrade frost penetration design - ufc_3_260_020408
Limited subgrade frost penetration design - Cont'd - ufc_3_260_020409
Example 2. Design an Air Force heavy-load pavement airfield
Reduced subgrade design
Limited subgrade frost penetration design - ufc_3_260_020412
Limited subgrade frost penetration design - cont'd - ufc_3_260_020413
Subgrade preparation
Subgrade preparation - Cont'd
Figure 20-1. Frost area index of reaction (FAIR) for design of rigid pavements
Figure 20-2. Determination of freezing index
Figure 20-3. Distribution of design freezing indexes in North America
Figure 20-4. Distribution of mean freezing indexes in Northern Eurasia
Figure 20-5. Frost penetration beneath pavements
Figure 20-6. Design of combined base thickness for limited subgrade frost penetration
Figure 20-7. Placement of drainage layer in frost areas
Figure 20-8. Tapered transition used where embankment material differs from natural subgrade in cut
Figure 20-9. Subgrade details for cold regions
Figure 20-10. Transitions for culverts beneath pavements
Figure 20-11. Relationship between base course thickness and PCC thickness for example 1
Figure 20-12. Relationship between base course thickness and PCC thickness for example 2
Chapter 21. Improving SKid Resistance/Reducing Hydroplaning Potential Of Runways
Porous Friction Surfaces.
Figure 21-1. Groove configuration for airfields
Appendix B: Airfield/Helicopter Design Analysis Outline
Site Description
Results Of Investigations And Testing
Pavement Thickness Design Criteria
Drainage Design - ufc_3_260_020443
Construction Materials
List of Required Waivers
Appendix C: Recommended Contract Drawing Outline For Airfield/Heliport Pavements
Phasing Plan and Details
Pavement Removal Plan
Paving Plan - ufc_3_260_020449
Plan and Profile Sheets
Reinforcing Details
Appendix D: Waiver Processing Procedures
Additional Requirements
Air Force:
Navy and Marine Corps
Obtaining Waiver
Appendix E: Determination pf Flexural Strength and Modulus Of Elasticity Of Bituminous Concrete
Test Procedures
Report
Appendix F: Curves For Determining Effective Strain Repetitions
Figure F-2. Effective repetitions of strain for UH-60 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-3. Effective repetitions of strain for CH-47 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-4. Effective repetitions of strain for CH-47 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-5. Effective repetitions of strain for OV-1 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-6. Effective repetitions of strain for OV-1 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-7. Effective repetitions of strain for C-12 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-8. Effective repetitions of strain for C-12 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-9. Effective repetitions of strain for C-130 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-10. Effective repetitions of strain for C-130 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-11. Effective repetitions of strain for F-15 aircraft, Air Force types B and C traffic areas
Figure F-12. Effective repetitions of strain for F-15 aircraft, Air Force type A traffic areas
Figure F-13. Effective repetitions of strain for F-14 aircraft, types B, C and secondary traffic areas
Figure F-14. Effective repetitions of strain for F-14 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-15. Effective repetitions of strain for B-52 aircraft, types B, C or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-16. Effective repetitions of strain for B-52 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-17. Effective repetitions of strain for B-1 and C-141 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-18. Effective repetitions of strain for B-1 and C-141 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-19. Effective repetitions of strain for P-3 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-20. Effective repetitions of strain for P-3 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-21. Effective repetitions of strain for C-5 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-22. Effective repetitions of strain for C-5 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Appendix G Procedure For Aration of Bituminous Cylindrical Specimens
Procedure - ufc_3_260_020483
Appendix H Procedure for Determining the Dynamic Modulus of Bituminous Concrete Mixtures
Procedure - ufc_3_260_020485
Calculations
Appendix I Procedure for Estimating the Modulus of Elasticity of Bituminous Concrete
Corrected Aggregate Volume Concentration
Figure I-1. Relationship between penetration at 25 degrees C and ring
Figure I-2. Nomograph for determining the stiffness modulus of bitumens
Appendix J Procedure for Determining the Modulus of Elasticiity of Unbound Granular and Subbase Course Materials
Relationships
Figure J-1. Relationships between modulus of layer n and modulus of layer n + 1 for various thicknesses of unbound base course
Figure J-2. Modulus values determined for first example
Appendix K Procedure for Determining the Flexural Modulus and Fatigue Characteristics of Stabilized Solis
Test Procedure
Fatigue characteristics
Figure K-1. General view of equipment setup
Figure K-3. Miscellaneous details
Appendix L Procedure for Determining Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Material
Cohesive Soils Containing Negligible Amounts of Gravel
Cohesionless Soils Containing Negligible Amounts of Gravel
Soils Containing Gravel
Q Test With Back-Pressure Saturation
Chamber Pressure
Equipment - ufc_3_260_020506
Preparation of Specimens and Placement in Triaxial Cell - ufc_3_260_020507
Resilience Testing of Cohesive soils
Resilience Testing of Cohesionless Soils
Interpretation of Test Results
Special Considerations
Figure L-1. Schematic diagram of typical triaxial compression apparatus
Figure L-2. Triaxial cell
Figure L-3. LVDT clamps
Figure L-4. Presentation of results of resilience tests on cohesive soils
Figure L-5. Presentation of results of resilience tests on cohesionless soils
Figure L-6. Estimated deviator stress at top of subgrade
Figure L-7. Determination of subgrade modulus for cohesive soils
Figure L-8. Relationship for estimating 2 due to overburden
Figure L-9. Estimated at Top of Subgrade
Figure L-10. Selection of Mr for Silty-Sand Subgrade with Estimated Thickness of 762 Millimeters
Appendix M Procedure for Determining the Fatigue Life of Bituminous Concrete
Specimen Preparation
Report and Presentation of Results
Figure M-1. Repeated Flexure Apparatus
Figure M-2. Initial mixture bending strain versus repetitions to fracture in controlled stress tests
Figure M-3. Provisional fatigue data for bituminous base-course materials
Appendix N Procedure for Determining the Resilient Modulus of Granular Base Material
End Platens
Preparation of Specimens and Placement in Triaxial Cell - ufc_3_260_020530
Placement of LVDT Measurement Clamps
Computations and Presentation of Results
Presentation of Results
Figure N-1. Triaxial cell used in resilience testing of granular base material
Figure N-2. Schematic of frictionless cap and base
Figure N-3. Details of Top LVDT ring clamp
Figure N-4. Details of bottom LVDT ring clamp
Figure N-5. Representation of results of resilience test on cohesionless soils
