7.4.5.7 Vectors. Vectors at landfills include flies, mosquitos, and
rodents. Flies can be best controlled by placing adequate compacted cove
soil as frequently as possible. Studies have shown that a daily cover
consisting of 6 inches (150 millimeters) of compacted low-clay content so
will prevent fly emergence. However, even under the best of conditions,
landfill should have a regular inspection and fly control program. Mosqu
control is best accomplished by preventing development of stagnant water
bodies anywhere on the site. Continuous grading to fill low spots is
essential.
Occasionally, rats and mice are delivered to the site along with the
solid waste. If harborage is available adjacent to the site or in some
neglected area of the site, extermination will become necessary. This is
best conducted by the local health department or an experienced commercia
exterminator. Employees should be trained to recognize burrows and other
signs so that control can be accomplished before a problem arises.
7.4.5.8 Storm Water Management. All upland drainage should be diverted
around the landfill. Drainage may be channeled under the landfill via an
enclosed pipe, but only if absolutely necessary. The drainage channels m
be i constructed of earth, corrugated metal pipe (CMP), sodded
gunite-swales, and stone-lined swales. If the access or onsite roads of
the landfill are paved, they may be used to channel drainage across a
landfill. Drainage structure sizing should be based on hydrology studies
and hydraulic design for the specific site. Design storm frequency
selection should be consistent with state or local ordinances and
calculation procedures.
On the landfill itself, all active and completed site working areas
should be properly graded. The surface grade should be greater than 2
percent to promote runoff and inhibit ponding of precipitation, but less
than 5 percent to reduce flow velocities and minimize soil erosion. If
necessary, siltation ponds should be constructed to settle the solids
contained in the runoff from the site. Straw bales, berms, and vegetatio
may supplement ponds or be used in conjunction with them to control runof
velocities and siltation on the site. Since the location of active fill
areas are constantly changing, portable drainage structures may be more
economical than permanent facilities in some instances.
7.4.5.9 Access Roads. As a minimum, a paved onsite road should be provi
from the public road system to the site. The onsite roadway should be 20
24 feet (6 to 7 meters) wide for two-way traffic. For smaller operations
15 feet (5 meters) wide road can suffice. As a minimum, the roadway shou
be gravel-surfaced in order to provide access regardless of weather
conditions. Grades should not exceed equipment limitations. For loaded
vehicles, most uphill grades should be less than 7 percent and downhill
grades less than 10 percent.
Temporary roads are used to deliver the solid waste to the working
area from the permanent road system. Temporary roads may be constructed
compacting the natural soil present and by controlling drainage, or by
topping them with a layer of gravel, crushed stone, cinders, crushed
concrete, mortar, bricks, lime, cement, or asphalt binders to make the ro
more serviceable.
5.10-95
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