CEMP-ET
TI 804-01
1 July 1908
trucks to back up to the loading dock.
(3) Courier Service Vehicles. At least one parking space should be included at the
primary or secondary entrance to the facility for courier service trucks.
4-4. PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION. Pedestrian circulation involves the movement of people
by non-motorized means. TM 5-822-2 provides guidance on the geometric design of walks.
All pedestrian access shall be designed to meet the requirements of the Americans with
Disabilities Act, Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards.
a. Pedestrian Desire Lines. Pedestrian circulation should be based on pedestrians'
tendency to follow the most direct route when walking between two points. Figure 4-9
illustrates a typical desire line study. These studies are prepared as follows:
(1) Desire lines are drawn to anticipate pedestrian routes to prevent crisscrossing the
site with sidewalks.
(2) Desire lines should be weighted according to the most traveled routes.
(3) More generous paved area should be provided at pathway intersections to allow
space for congregation and circulation.
(4) Adequate reception area should be provided at entrances to buildings.
(5) Coordinate circulation routes with building layouts to discourage short cuts by
personnel through buildings.
b. Grid, Curvilinear, and Organic Path Systems. Path systems are developed from the
desire line study. The system should incorporate required and anticipated access. Three
types of systems are suggested to meet varying site demands. All three systems provide
functional access between facilities. Figure 4-10 illustrates alternative sidewalk schemes
based upon the pedestrian desire lines defined in figure 4-9. Topography and vegetation can
be used to direct movement and emphasize sight lines.
(1) A grid path system is composed of straight lines and right angles and tends to
provide the most direct access between location. The grid system is appropriate in formal
landscapes and in areas with strong architectural definition.
(2) A curvilinear path system is less formal and should be used to encourage
pedestrian interaction with the landscape where direct access to facilities is not critical.
(3) Organic sidewalk systems are unique in that the sidewalk patterns are defined by
the space outside of the sidewalk and therefore vary in width. Because of this, organic
sidewalks are less formal and often respond to natural elements in the surrounding landscape.
c. Pedestrian Concentration. The space required to accommodate pedestrian
movement increases at the point of origin and destination, where movement slows. Pedestrian
movement is also interrupted when people meet, gather, wait, or sit. In areas of pedestrian
concentration (e.g., building entrances, drop-offs and small outdoor spaces between
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