CEMP-ET
TI 804-01
1 July 1908
buildings), the space should be developed to accommodate these needs. General design
techniques include:
(1) Widening walkways at the points of origin and destination.
(2) Providing adequate space for people to concentrate outside of the pedestrian
flow.
(3) Locating areas for people to sit on the edge or outside of the pedestrian flow.
(4) Providing both shaded and sunny areas for people to congregate or sit.
(5) Providing shelter at congregation areas, especially where waiting is anticipated.
d. Troop Formation Areas. Installations with training facilities require muster areas and
circulation routes for troops marching in formation between classrooms, barracks, dining halls
and parade grounds. These areas and walkways should be designed to provide adequate
sizes and surfacing to accommodate personnel.
4-5. SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT. The primary functions of surface water
management are to establish positive drainage, prevent flooding of roadways, facilities and
activities, and prevent erosion. Proper management techniques also provide storm water
infiltration, habitat preservation, and recreational opportunities. Surface water management
should be designed to replicate natural systems and maintain public safety, health and
welfare. The guidelines discussed below refer to general on-site drainage design. Specific
criteria developed by local and state agencies should also be consulted. The landscape
architect, civil engineer, and hydrologist on the design team should collaborate to address
drainage problems and solutions. TM 5-820-4 provides additional guidance on drainage
design.
a. Impervious Surface. The placement of facilities on a site changes drainage conditions
by increasing impervious surfaces, primarily rooftops and pavements. This results in a greater
volume and velocity of water to be managed. The negative effects of impervious surfaces
upon the landscape can be reduced through the following:
(1) Avoid creation of unnecessary impervious surfaces.
(2) Evenly diffuse drainage across the site. Avoid concentrating drainage at one
point by dividing the site into more than one drainage basin.
(3) Divide large expanses of impervious surface (e.g., a parking lot) into smaller
areas to help control runoff, reduce the size of necessary drainage structures (e.g., catch
basins), and avoid drainage system back-up. Use areas in between divided spaces for
infiltration and introduction of appropriate plant material.
(4) Use Islands, medians, curbs and gutters to control drainage within parking areas.
Curbs strategically allow introduction of runoff into designated catch basins for temporary
storage or infiltration.
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