TM 5-809-3/NAVFAC DM-2.9/AFM 88-3, Chap. 3
careful and complete review of the masonry details
(2) Concrete masonry unit control joint (CJ)
provided on the shop drawings-but must also make
and brick expansion joint (BEJ) details. Both plan
certain that the shop drawing details are
and elevation views .are normally needed to clearly
coordinated with all architectural and mechanical
locate and dimension, throughout the structure, all
CJ*s and BEJ*s.
needs. Of particular concerns is assurance that
mechanical openings which penetrate structural
(3) Details of horizontal and sloping tops of
masonry walls are included. With this detailing
walls. Include control joints, beam pocket openings
approach, constructing masonry walls without ap-
and method of anchorage for the roof system as
proved shop drawings can lead to numerous con-
applicable.
struction problems.
(4) Typical details of reinforcement around
(2) Another detailing approach is to provide
openings. It must be clear how the typical details
greater amounts of masonry detailing, including
are to be applied at all openings.
numerous section cuts and typical wall elevations.
(5) Details showing continuity of structural
This is an intermediate approach that would still
bond beams. Particular attention must be given to
require a very careful review of the shop drawings
achieving continuity in stepped structural bond
by the designer; since, as described above, the shop
beams at the tops of sloping walls. Sloping contin-
drawings would still be a very important extension
uous bond beams have a higher assurance of
of design.
satisfactory performance.
(3) On the opposite extreme to the first ap-
(6) Details showing intermediate bond beams
proach above, the structural designer may provide
and how continuity is provided when it is inter-
essentially every masonry detail; including all
rupted by openings and corners.
masonry wall elevations with every rebar, every
(7) Details of mechanical openings that may
masonry unit, and all masonry openings including
have a significant structural impact.
c. Instructions to the field. Often, the best way
every mechanical opening; on the contract draw-
ings. Although showing every detail of every
to provide the field quality assurance personnel the
structural and nonstructural masonry wall and
information they need to identify the critical
partition is clearly excessive, the more complete the
masonry construction features, details, etc.; which
development of details of the contract drawings,
must be present to carry out the intent of the
the higher the assurance that shop drawings are
designer; is with instructions to the field. Masonry
done correctly and thus the more expedient the
construction includes a wide variety of materials
approval should be.
including brick, CMU, mortar, grout, flashing,
b. Minimum contract drawing details require-
reinforcing steel, joint reinforcement, CJ keys, BEJ
ments. The extent of detailing needed on the
materials, anchor bolts, etc.; all of which are
contract drawings is different for every building.
assembled by a mason to form walls, columns,
The level of development of masonry contract
piers, and pilasters. Although any or all of these
drawings versus reliance on shop drawing details is
items may be contained in the contract documents
a matter of efficiency and must be based on the
for a masonry building, and thus all are important,
judgement of the design office. In most situations,
the quality assurance program does not allow for
providing masonry wall elevations which show all
continuous observation by Corps field personnel.
wall openings, including ducts and piping, provides
Instructions to the field, which identify those items
the greatest assurance for eliminating conflicts
that are most critical to constructing quality
during construction. Whatever detailing approach
masonry, will allow the field quality assurance
is used, complete designs that give a clear
personnel to maximize the limited inspection time
understanding of the most critical features of
available. The following items, which represent
construction is imperative to assure a quality
areas that have caused significant problems on a
constructed product. In all cases, the shop draw-
repetitive basis, are not all inclusive, however,
ings must be approved by a structural engineer.
should be identified as critical items in all "In-
Although the level of masonry detailing needed is
structions to the Field" lists:
(1) Mortar proportions must be in
different for every building, there are minimum
contract drawing details that are required for all
accordance with the contract. Strength, resistance
masonry construction. Therefore, the contract
to water permeance, protection of reinforcement
drawings for all masonry construction should con-
and durability are derived by the proper mixture.
(2) Grout slump must be in the range speci-
tain minimum masonry details as follows --
(1) Typical details for piers, columns and pi-
fied, usually 8-10 inches, and must be mechanically
lasters and their location. It must be clear how the
vibrated as specified to assure complete filling of
typical details are to be applied to all required
cells. Mortar or concrete must not be used in lieu
locations for these elements.
of grout.
2-2
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