MIL-HDBK-1005/16
times are required to provide adequate treatment. The biological
processes that have been used most successfully in cold climates
include lagoons or ponds, either facultative or aerated,
activated sludge with long solids retention times, and attached
growth systems. Attached growth systems such as trickling
filters and rotating biological contactors should not be used
unless they are adequately enclosed and protected from the cold.
Suspended growth systems with short solids retention times such
as conventional activated sludge should also be avoided.
In addition to the direct effects of cold on the design
and operation of wastewater facilities, wastewater
characteristics will generally differ from those in temperate
regions. Wastewater in arctic and subarctic regions typically
will be primarily domestic in nature and higher in strength than
at comparable facilities in other regions.
2.5
Facilities Planning. MIL-HDBK-353 describes the
planning required for precommissioning a wastewater treatment
facility. The sections below describe reports to be prepared as
part of the facilities planning process.
2.5.1
Capacity Analysis Report. This report documents the
predicted future flows and loads within the treatment facility,
and evaluates the capacity of existing unit processes to reliably
treat those loads for the next permitting cycle. The historical
flows and the treatment performance of the previous 5 years need
to be analyzed. The CBOD and total suspended solids (TSS) loading
(in pounds per day) also need to be verified. Population and flow
and load projections are then made to estimate future loads, based
on projected growth from changing or expanding missions. The
capacity of each unit process needs to be determined. Note that
these capacity assessments may already have been done for past
renewals. However, the capacity rating of each process needs to
be checked against the latest loadings and flow. Reliability and
backup provisions must also be adequate.
Finally, an assessment of the future 5-year flow and
loads needs to be conducted. If the plant is undersized, an
expansion needs to be initiated and a Preliminary Engineering
Report for improvements developed. Higher discharge loads will
also precipitate additional permit application requirements to
address antidegradation issues. Modeling of the effluent may be
required to evaluate the impact of the discharge on the water
quality of the receiving stream and to develop appropriate
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