EI 02C097
EI 02C097
01 Jul 97
01 Jul 97
Table 1-4
Characteristics of Deep Foundations
Material
Maximum Load
Optimum Load
Maximum
Optimum
Diameter
Maximum Allowable
Maximum Allowable
Specifications
tons
tons
Pile Type
Length, ft
Length, ft
Width, in.
Normal Stresses, psi
Bending Stresses, psi
Standards
Advantages
Disadvantages
Remarks
150
40-100
Easy to inspect, easy to
Difficult to splice,
Best suited for
Driven Piles
medium-length friction
Cast-in-place
150
30-80
Butt: 12-18
Steel shell: 9,000
Compression : 0.40 fc
ACI Manual of
cut, resistant to
displacement pile,
'
concrete placed
Concrete: 0.25 fc
Tension: 0
deterioration, high lateral
vulnerable to damage from
pile
'
Concrete Practice
without mandrel
capacity, capable of being
hard driving
re-driven, cave-in
prevented by shell
Cast-in-place concrete
Tapered: 40
Tapered: 15-35
Tip: 8, Butt: # 23
Steel: 9,000,
Compression: 0.40 fc
ACI Manual of
75
30-60
Easy to inspect, easy to
Not possible to re-drive,
Best suited for
'
driven with mandrel
Step tapered: 120
Step tapered: 40-60
Step tapered: # 17
$ 1 in. thick
Tension: 0
cut, easy to handle,
difficult to splice,
medium-length friction
Concrete Practice
Concrete: 0.25 fc
resistant to decay, high
displacement pile,
pile
'
skin friction in sand,
vulnerable to collapse while
resistant to damage from
adjacent piles are driven
hard driving
Rammed concrete
60
---
17-26
0.25 fc
---
ACI Manual of
300
60-100
Low initial cost, large
Hard to inspect,
Best suited where
'
bearing area, resistant to
displacement pile, not
layer of dense sand is
Concrete Practice
deterioration, resistant to
possible to form base in
near ground surface
damage from hard driving
clay
Composite
180
60-120
Depends on materials
Controlled by weakest
---
See Note
200
30-80
Resistant to deterioration,
Hard to inspect, difficult in
Usual combinations
materials
resistant to damage from
forming joint
are: cast-in-place
driving, high axial
concrete over timber or
capacity, long lengths at
H-steel or pipe pile
low initial cost
Auger Cast
60
24
---
0.25 fc
---
ACI Manual of
40
---
No displacement, low
Construction difficult when
Best suited where
'
Concrete Shafts
noise level, low vibration,
soils unfavorable, low
small loads are to be
Concrete Practice
low initial cost
capacities, difficult to
supported
inspect
Drilled Shafts
200
Shaft: # 120
---
0.25 fc
---
ACI 318
Soil: 3,000
200-400
Fast construction, high
Field inspection of
Best suited for large
'
Underreams: # 240
Rock: 7,000
load capacity, no noise or
construction critical, careful
axial lateral loads and
vibration, no
inspection necessary for
small, isolated loads
displacement, possible to
casing method
where soil conditions
drill through obstruction,
are favorable
can eliminate caps
Note: Creosote and creosote treatment: "Standards for Creosoted-Wood Foundation Piles," C1-C12, American Wood-Preservers Institute (1977-1979)
Concrete: ACI Manual of Concrete Practice
Timber: ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Vol 04.09, D 2899, D 3200
Steel:
ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Vol 01.01, Vol 01.04, A 252
1-12
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