TM 5-803-14
(motorycles, trucks, recreational vehicles, etc.). The
mined. TM 5-803-2 provides guidance in planning
user will determine the types of parking spaces
for noise abatement.
(e.g., visitor or employee) and the number of spaces
(6) Future Expansion. Planning for future ex-
per type. The need for separation of parking areas
pansion which is neither programmed nor priori-
and any locational requirements (e.g., near the
tized in the master plan can be a problem. Often,
facility's front entrance) will be identified. Peak
it takes place in a casual manner, depending upon
(or highest) use hours for parking will be identified
whether the user raises the possibility. The faci-
to determine the potential for shared parking with
lity's potential for future expansion should be
other facilities. Parking structures may be consid-
addressed. Future expansion may refer to actual
ered in areas of dense development, limited avail-
physical expansion or increased usage of the pri-
able land, and high parking demand (more than
mary facility. This is often difficult to predict and
more difficult to estimate. A recommendation for
500 spaces) by one or more facilities. Because
expansion may be based on generally accepted
structures are expensive to build and maintain, all
growth trends for various user requirements. If it
of the above criteria should be met to make a
is anticipated, or simply desired, that the project
structure economically feasible.
expand at a later date, some estimate of growth
(c) Alternative Travel Modes. Because park-
should be made. Future expansion of circulation,
ing consumes enormous space and typically domi-
including parking, should be considered.
nates the landscape setting of facilities, alterna-
c. Functional Relationships of Army Units.
tive modes of travel to the site and carpooling
Functional relationships describe the need various
should be encouraged. The impact of installation
activities and facilities have for mutual support. In
transport systems (e.g., bus routes and pedestrian
planning, support can be operational and/or physi-
and bicycle paths) will be determined.
cal. Functional relationships diagrams graphically
(d) Site Traffic Impact Studies. The need for
represent the necessary support. Program analysis
a site traffic impact study is determined by the
serves as the basis for functional relationships
condition of the site's accessibility and the traffic
diagrams. It relates the individual project to the
volume projected to be added to adjacent roads.
larger context of the installation. It also organizes
Appendix B provides an outline for a typical study
the activities and facilities within the project.
report.
(1) Functional Relationships for a Brigade.
(4) Physical Security. The functional require-
Army planning is based on a series of relation-
ments of the user will determine the requirements
ships among a hierarchy of units: garrison, divi-
for physical security. The Provost Marshal or
sion, brigade and battalion. Functional relation-
Physical Security Officer will be interviewed con-
ships within one Army unit ideally should not
cerning security needs. Additional help may be
interrupt those of another unit. However, organi-
obtained from security engineers and/or physical
zation of the relationships should allow for interac-
security specialists. Requirements for physical se-
tion and support among units as needed. A func-
curity deal with protective measures to mitigrate
tional relationships diagram helps determine the
the threat from a variety of tactics. The threat is
need for such interaction and support. The dia-
determined through a threat analysis which
gram later helps place facilities where they can
should be done during project planning. Physical
support the larger mission and helps locate shared
security includes the following site considerations
facilities. Figure 3-1 illustrates a functional rela-
and needs:
tionships diagram for a brigade.
(a) Facility setback from roadways, parking
(2) Preparing a Functional Relationships Dia-
gram. Developing functional relationships is a
areas, the site perimeter, other facilities and other
use areas.
method of organizing activities or facilities into
(b) Proximity between primary and support
ideal arrangements, based upon their interdepen-
facilities.
dence. In site planning, this is expressed as the
(c) Physical barriers to prevent or delay
need for physical and/or visual connections. In
unauthorized pedestrian and vehicular access and
turn, the connections become the basis for circula-
to resist weapons and/or explosives effects.
tion patterns. A functional relationships diagram
(d) Entry control points.
is a bubble diagram. It places proposed activities
(e) Visual seclusion or openness.
and/or facilities, including circulation, in the ideal
(5) Noise Abatement. The need to maintain an
arrangement for efficiency, safety and conve-
acceptable noise level within the primary facility
nience. The diagram delineates the best locations
or to prevent the noise level of the primary facility
for facilities in relation to each other, irrespective
from impacting the surrounding area will be deter-
of site considerations. It does not consider any site
3-2
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