Soil Mechanics - index
Chapter 1. Introduction - ufc_3_220_10n0005
Appendix A: Design Manual 7.01 Soil Mechanics
CCB Application Notes - ufc_3_220_10n0007
Soil Mechanics - ufc_3_220_10n0008
Naval Facilities Engineering Command Publications Transmittal
Naval Facilities Engineering Command Publications Transmittal - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0010
Naval Facilities Engineering Command Publications Transmittal - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0011
Record of Document Changes - ufc_3_220_10n0012
Record of Document Changes - Continued
Abstract - ufc_3_220_10n0014
Foreword - ufc_3_220_10n0016
Soils and Foundations Design Manuals
Figures - ufc_3_220_10n0020
Figures - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0021
Figures - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0022
Figures - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0023
Tables
Tables - Continued
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Identification ID Classification of Soil and Rock
Table 1. Principal Soil Deposits
Table 1. Principal Soil Deposits - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0029
Table 1. Principal Soil Deposits - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0030
Table 1. Principal Soil Deposits - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0031
Table 1. Principal Soil Deposits - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0032
Section 3. Soil Identification
Table 2. Visual Identification of Samples
Table 3. Unified Soil Classification System
Table 3. Unified Soil Classification System - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0036
Table 3. Unified Soil Classification System - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0037
Table 3. Unified Soil Classification System - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0038
Table 3. Unified Soil Classification System - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0039
Figure 1. Extimated Compacness of Sand From Standard Penetration Test
Fine-Grained Soils
Section 4. Soil Classification and Properties
Table 4. Guide for Consistency of Fine-Grained Soils
Figure 2. Utilization of Atterberg Plasticity Limits
Section 5. Rock Classification and Properties
Table 5. Soil Classification for Organic Soils
Table 5. Soil Classification for Organic Soils - Continued
Table 6. Typical Values of Soil Index Properties
Table 6. Typical Values of Soil Index - Continued
Table 7. Weathering Classification
Table 8. Discontinuity Spacing
Classification By Field Measurements and Strength Tests
Table 9. Hardness Classification of Intact Rock
Table 10. Simplified Rock Classification
Commom Sedimentary Rocks
Commom Sedimentary Rocks - Continued
Commom Metamorphic Rocks
Table II. Engineering Classification For In Situ Rock Quality
Figure 3. Strength Classification
Section 6. Special Materials
Table 12. Identification and Characteristics of Special Materials.
Table 12. Identification and Characteristics of Special Materials. - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0062
Table 12. Identification and Characteristics of Special Materials. - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0063
Figure 4. Volume Change Potential Classifications For Clay Soils
Collapsing Soils
Figure 5. Criterion for Collapse Potential
Figure 6. Typical Collapse Potential Test Results
Figure 7. Extreme Frost Penetration (in inches) Based Upon State Average
Coral and Coral Formation.
Quick Clays
References - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0073
Chapter 2. Field Exploration, Testing, and Instrumentation
Figure 1. Sample Boring Log
Section 2. Published Soil and Geological Maps
Table 1. Sources of Geological Information
Table 1. Sources of Geological Information - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0078
Table 1. Sources of Geological Information - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0079
Table 2. Remote Sensing Data - ufc_3_220_10n0080
Table 2. Remote Sensing Data - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0081
Table 2. Remote Sensing Data - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0082
Table 2. Remote Sensing Data - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0083
Limitations
Table 2. Remote Sensing Data - ufc_3_220_10n0085
Table 3. Onshore Geophysics for Engineering Purposes.
Table 3. Onshore Geophysics for Engineering Purposes. - Continued
Table 4. Offshore Geophysical Methods
Table 4. Offshore Geophysical Methods - Continued
Section 5. Soil Borings and Test Pits
Table 5. Types of Test Borings
Table 5. Types of Test Borings - Continued
Table 6. Requirements for Boring Layout
Table 6. Requirements for Boring Layout - Continued
Table 7. Requirements for Boring Depths
Sealing Boreholes.
Table 8. Use, Capabilities and Limitations of Test Pits and Trenches
Section 6. Sampling
Table 9. Common Samplers for Disturbed Soil Samples and Rock Cores
Table 9. Common Samplers for Disturbed Soil Samples and Rock Cores - Continued
Table 9. Common Samplers for Disturbed Soil Samples and Rock Cores - Continued
Table 10. Common Samplers for Undisturbed Samples
Table 10. Common Samplers for Undisturbed Samples - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0103
Table 10. Common Samplers for Undisturbed Samples - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0104
Rock Cores
Figure 2. Standard Sizes, in Inches, for Casings, Rods, Core Barrels,and Holes
Table 11. Sampling of Disintegrated Rock Zones
Table 12. Common Underwater Samplers
Table 12. Common Underwater Samplers - Continued
Section 7. Penetration Resistance Tests
Cone Penetrometer Tests (CPT)
Figure 3. Correlations Between Relative Density and Standard Penetration Resistance
Figure 4. Correlations of Standard Penetration Resistance
Figure 5. Shear Modulus vs. N Values (SPT) at Very Small Strains
Table 13. Procedures Which May Affect the Measured "N" Values
Table 13. Procedures Which May Affect the Measured "N" Values - Continued
Figure 6. Dutch Cone Penetrometer
Section 8. Groundwater Measurements
Table 14. Groundwater or Piezometric Level Monitoring Devices
Figure 7. Open Standpipe Piezometers
Figure 8. Porous Element Piezometers
Section 9. Measurement of Soil and Rock Properties In Situ
Figure 9. Sources of Error and Corrective Methods in Groundwater Pressure Measurements
Figure 10. Vane Shear Test Arrangement
Deformation Moduli
Figure 11. Menard Pressuremeter Equipment
Figure 12. Analysis of Plate Bearing Tests
Permeability
Figure 13. Analysis of Permeability by Variable Head Tests
Table 15. Shape Factors for Computation of Permeability From Variable Head Tests
Table 15. Shape Factors for Computation of Permeability From Variable Head Tests - Continued
Figure 14. Test Zone Isolation Methods
Percolation Test
In-Place Density
Section 10. Field Instrumentation
Figure 15. Example of Instrumentation Adjacent to a Building and Diaphragm Wall
Loads and Temperature.
Table 16. Load and Temperature Devices in Walled Excavation Elements
Table 16. Load and Temperature Devices in Walled Excavation Elements - Continued
Chapter 3. Laboratory Testing
Table 1. Requirements for Index Properties Tests and Testing Standards
Table 1. Requirements for Index Properties Tests and Testing Standards - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0144
Table 1. Requirements for Index Properties Tests and Testing Standards - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0145
Table 2. Requirements for Structural Properties
Table 2. Requirements for Structural Properties - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0147
Table 2. Requirements for Structural Properties - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0148
Table 3. Requirements for Dynamic Tests
Table 4. Requirements for Compacted Samples Tests
Table 4. Requirements for Compacted Samples Tests - Continued
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0153
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0154
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0155
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0156
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0157
Structural Properties Tests
Compaction Tests
Table 6. Volume and Weight Relationships
Table 6. Volume and Weight Relationships - Continued
Section 3. Permeability Tests
Section 4. Consolidation Tests
Figure 1. Permeability of Sands and Sand-Gravel Mixtures
Figure 2. Consolidation Test Relationships
Virgin Compression
Figure 3. Preconsolidation Pressure vs. Liquidity Index
Secondary Compression - ufc_3_220_10n0168
Figure 4. Approximate Correlations for Consolidation Characteristics of Silts and Clays
Section 5. Shear Strenght Tests
Figure 5. Triaxial Apparatus Schematic
Figure 6. Triaxial Shear Test Relationships
Test Selection
Figure 7. Correlations of Strength Characteristics for Granular Soils
Type of Application.
Section 6. Dynamic Testing
Table 7. Capabilities of Dynamic Testing Apparatus
Section 7. Tests on Compacted Soils
Section 8. Tests On Rock
Table 8. Test Procedures for Intact Rock
Rock Quality Tests
Table 9. Test Procedures for Aggregate
References - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0185
Chapter 4. Distribution of Stresses
Section 3. Stresses Beneath Structures and Embankments
Vertical Stresses Beneath Regular Loads
Figure 1. Examples of Stress Conditions at a Point
Figure 2. Formulas for Stresses in Semi-Infinite Elastic Foundation
Figure 2. Formulas for Stresses in Semi-Infinite Elastic Foundation - Continued
Figure 3. Stress Contours and Their Application
Figure 4. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Beneath a Corner
Figure 5. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Under Uniformly Loaded Circular Area
Figure 6. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Under Embankment Load
Figure 7. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Beneath Triangular Load
Figure 8. Examples of Computation of Vertical Stress
Figure 9. Determination of Stress Below Corner of Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Area
Figure 10. Influence Chart for Vertical Stress Beneath Irregular Load
Layered Or Anisotropic Foundations
Figure 11. Vertical Stress Contours for Square and Strip Footings
Figure 12. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Beneath a Corner of a Uniformly Loaded
Figure 13. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Beneath Triangular Load
Figure 14. Influence Values for Vertical Stresses Beneath Uniformly Loaded
Figure 15. Stress Profile in a Two-Layer Soil Mass
Rigid Loaded Area
Figure 16. Contact Pressure Under (a) Rigid Footings (b) Flexible Foundation
Figure 17. Influence Values for Vertical Stresses Around a Pile in an Elastic Solid
Rigid Pipe
Figure 18. Backfill Coefficients, Embankment Loads, and Load Factors for Rigid Conduits
Figure 18. Backfill Coefficients, Embankment Loads, and Load Factors for Rigid Conduits - Continued
Figure 19. Vertical Pressure on Culvert Versus Height of Cover
Flexible Steel Pipe
Figure 20. Pressure Transfer Coefficients for Corrugated Flexible Conduits
Initial Designs.
Figure 21. Example of Ring Deflection
Section 5. Deep Underground Openings
Figure 22. Conduits Beneath Embankments of Finite Width
Openings in Rock
Table 1. Overburden Rock Load Carried by Roof Support
Openings In Soft Ground
Figure 23. Load Action on Underground Openings in Earth
Pressure On Vertical Shafts
Table 2. Loads For Temporary Supports in Earth Tunnels at Depths More Than
Table 2. Loads For Temporary Supports in Earth Tunnels at Depths More Than - Continued
Figure 24. Coefficients for Active or Passive Pressures on Underground Cylindrical
Section 6. Numerical Stress Analysis
Chapter 5. Analysis of Settlement and Volume Expansion
Figure 1. Consolidation Settlement Analysis
Figure 2. Profiles of Vertical Stresses Before Construction
Figure 2. Profiles of Vertical Stresses Before Construction - Continued
Section 3. Instantaneous Settlement
Figure 3. Computation of Total Settlement for Various Loading Conditions
Settlement of Coarse-Grained Soils
Table 1. Shape and Rigidity Factors I for Calculating Settlements
Table 1. Shape and Rigidity Factors I for Calculating Settlements - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0238
Table 1. Shape and Rigidity Factors I for Calculating Settlements - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0239
Table 2. Relationship Between Undrained Modulus and Overconsolidation Ratio
Figure 4a. Relationship Between Settlement Ratio and Applied Stress Ratio
Figure 4b. Relationship Between Initial Shear Stress and Overconsolidation
Figure 5. Example of Immediate Settlement Computations in Clay
Figure 6. Instantaneous Settlement of Isolated Footings on Coarse-Grained Soils
Figure 7. Settlement of Footings Over Granular Soils: Example Computation Using Schmertman's Method
Figure 7. Settlement of Footings Over Granular Soils: Example Computation Using Schmertman's Method - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0246
Figure 7. Settlement of Footings Over Granular Soils: Example Computation Using Schmertman's Method - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0247
Section 4. Primary and Secondary Settlements
Table 3. Estimates of Coefficient of Consolidation (C+c,)
Figure 8. Relation Between Settlement Ratio and Overconsolidation Ratio
Time Rate of Primary Consolidation
Figure 9. Time Rate of Consolidation for Vertical Drainage Due
Figure 10. Vertical Sand Drains and Settlement Time Rate
Figure 11. Nomograph for Consolidation With Vertical Drainage
Figure 12. Effect of Drainage Conditions on Time Rate of Consolidation
Secondary Compression - ufc_3_220_10n0256
Figure 13. Time Rate of Consolidation for Gradual Load Application
Figure 14. Coefficient of Consolidation from Field Measurements
Figure 14. Coefficient of Consolidation from Field Measurements - Continued
Figure 15. Procedure for Determining the Rate of Consolidation
Figure 15. Procedure for Determining the Rate of Consolidation - Continued
Figure 16. Coefficient of Secondary Compression as Related to Natural Water Content
Section 5. Tolerable and Differential Settlement
Table 4. Tolerable Settlements for Building
Table 5. Tolerable Differential Settlement For Miscellaneous Structures
Section 5. Methods of Reducing or Accelerating Settlement
Table 6. Methods of Reducing or Accelerating Settlement or Coping with Settlement
Table 6. Methods of Reducing or Accelerating Settlement or Coping with Settlement - Continued
Balancing Load by Excavation
Figure 17. Surcharge Load Required to Eliminate Settlement Under Final
Vertical Drains
Table 7. Common Types of Vertical Drains
Figure 18. Data for Typical Sand Drain Installation
Figure 19. Nomograph for Consolidation with Radial Drainage to Vertical Sand Drain
Figure 20. Example of Surcharge and Sand Drain Design
Figure 20. Example of Surcharge and Sand Drain Design - Continued
Figure 21. Allowance for Smear Effect in Sand Drain Design
Section 7. Analysis of Volume Expansion
Table 8. Heave From Volume Change
Table 8. Heave From Volume Change - Continued
Figure 22. Computation of Swell of Desiccated Clays
Chapter 5. Seepage and Drainage
Figure 1. Flow Net Construction and Seepage Analysis
Rules For Flow Net Construction
Seepage Quantity
Sectiion 3. Seepage Control by Cut Off
Table 1. Cut Off Methods For Seepage Control
Table 1. Cut Off Methods For Seepage Control - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0290
Table 1. Cut Off Methods For Seepage Control - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0291
Supplementary Measures.
Figure 2. Penetration of Cut Off Wall to Prevent Piping in Isotropic Sand
Figure 3. Penetration of Cut Off Wall Required to Prevent Piping
Figure 3. Penetration of Cut Off Wall Required to Prevent Piping - Continued
Section 4. Design of Drainage Blanket and Filters
Figure 4. Design Criteria for Protective Filters - ufc_3_220_10n0297
Figure 4. Design Criteria for Protective Filters - Continued
Figure 4. Design Criteria for Protective Filters - ufc_3_220_10n0299
Drainage Blanket
Figure 5. Typical Filter and Drainage Blanket Applications
Figure 6. Permeability and Capillarity of Drainage Materials
Figure 7. Analysis of Drainage Layer Performance
Section 5. Wellpoint Systems and Deep Wells
Figure 8. Intercepting Drains for Roadways on a Slope
Figure 9. Rate of Seepage into Drainage Trench
Sumps
Pumping Wells
Figure 10. Groundwater Lowering by Pumping Wells
Figure 11. Drainage of Artesian Layer by Line of Relief Wells
Section 6. Linings For Reservoirs and Pollution Control Facilities
Table 2. Impermeable Reservoir Linings
Table 2. Impermeable Reservoir Linings - Continued
Surface Erosion Control
Figure 12. Nomograph for Determining Soil Erodibility (K) for Universal
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0317
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0318
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0319
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0320
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0321
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0322
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0323
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0324
Table 4. Limiting Flow Velocities to Minimize Erosion
Sediment Control
Figure 13. Capacity of Sediment Control Ponds
Figure 13. Capacity of Sediment Control Ponds - Continued
Figure 14. Design Criteria for Riprap and Filter on Earth Embankments
Figure 14. Design Criteria for Riprap and Filter on Earth Embankments - Continued
Chapter 7. Slope Stability and Protection
Table 1. Analysis of Stability of Natural Slopes
Table 1. Analysis of Stability of Natural Slopes - Continued
Table 2. Analysis of Stability of Cut and Fill Slopes, Conditions Varying With Time
Effect of Soil Rock Type
Section 3. Methods of Analysis
Figure 1. Method Of Slices - Simplified Bishop Method (Circular Slip Surface)
Figure 1. Method Of Slices - Simplified Bishop Method (Circular Slip Surface) - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0341
Figure 1. Method Of Slices - Simplified Bishop Method (Circular Slip Surface) - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0342
Slope Stability Charts
Figure 2. Stability Analysis for Slopes in Cohesive Soils, Undrained Conditions
Figure 3. Center of Critical Circle, Slope in Cohesive Soil
Figure 4. Influence of Surcharge, Submergence, and Tension Cracks on Stability
Figure 5. Design of Berms for Embankments on Soft Clays
Figure 6. Stability Analysis of Translational Failure
Figure 6. Stability Analysis of Translational Failure - Continued
Figure 7. Example of Stability Analysis of Translational Failure
Figure 7. Example of Stability Analysis of Translational Failure - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0351
Figure 7. Example of Stability Analysis of Translational Failure - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0352
Figure 8. Stability of Rock Slope
Earthquake Loading
Figure 9. Earthquake Loading on Slopes
Section 4. Effects of Soil Paratemers and Groundwater on Stablility
Figure 10. Correction Factors R+E, and R+F, to Account for Progressive
Effect of Groundwater and Excess Pore Pressure
Table 3. Pore Pressure Conditions for Stability Analysis Homogeneous Embankment
Stability Problems In Special Materials
Table 4. Methods of Stabilizing Excavation Slopes
Table 4. Methods of Stabilizing Excavation Slopes - Continued
Section 6. Slope Protection
Figure 11. Influence of Stabilizing Pile on Safety Factor
Figure 11. Influence of Stabilizing Pile on Safety Factor - Continued
Figure 12. Pile Stabilized Slope
Figure 13. Example Calculation - Pile Stabilized Slopes
Figure 13. Example Calculation - Pile Stabilized Slopes - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0368
Figure 13. Example Calculation - Pile Stabilized Slopes - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0369
Figure 13. Example Calculation - Pile Stabilized Slopes - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0370
Types of Protection Available
Table 5. Thickness and Gradation Limits of Dumped Riprap
Appendix A: Listing of Computer Program
Appendix A: Listing of Computer Program - Continued
Glossary - ufc_3_220_10n0378
Glossary - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0379
Symbols
Symbols - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0381
Symbols - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0382
Symbols - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0383
Symbols - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0384
Symbols - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0385
Chapter 1. Introduction - ufc_3_220_10n0005
Appendix A: Design Manual 7.01 Soil Mechanics
CCB Application Notes - ufc_3_220_10n0007
Soil Mechanics - ufc_3_220_10n0008
Naval Facilities Engineering Command Publications Transmittal
Naval Facilities Engineering Command Publications Transmittal - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0010
Naval Facilities Engineering Command Publications Transmittal - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0011
Record of Document Changes - ufc_3_220_10n0012
Record of Document Changes - Continued
Abstract - ufc_3_220_10n0014
Foreword - ufc_3_220_10n0016
Soils and Foundations Design Manuals
Figures - ufc_3_220_10n0020
Figures - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0021
Figures - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0022
Figures - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0023
Tables
Tables - Continued
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Identification ID Classification of Soil and Rock
Table 1. Principal Soil Deposits
Table 1. Principal Soil Deposits - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0029
Table 1. Principal Soil Deposits - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0030
Table 1. Principal Soil Deposits - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0031
Table 1. Principal Soil Deposits - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0032
Section 3. Soil Identification
Table 2. Visual Identification of Samples
Table 3. Unified Soil Classification System
Table 3. Unified Soil Classification System - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0036
Table 3. Unified Soil Classification System - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0037
Table 3. Unified Soil Classification System - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0038
Table 3. Unified Soil Classification System - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0039
Figure 1. Extimated Compacness of Sand From Standard Penetration Test
Fine-Grained Soils
Section 4. Soil Classification and Properties
Table 4. Guide for Consistency of Fine-Grained Soils
Figure 2. Utilization of Atterberg Plasticity Limits
Section 5. Rock Classification and Properties
Table 5. Soil Classification for Organic Soils
Table 5. Soil Classification for Organic Soils - Continued
Table 6. Typical Values of Soil Index Properties
Table 6. Typical Values of Soil Index - Continued
Table 7. Weathering Classification
Table 8. Discontinuity Spacing
Classification By Field Measurements and Strength Tests
Table 9. Hardness Classification of Intact Rock
Table 10. Simplified Rock Classification
Commom Sedimentary Rocks
Commom Sedimentary Rocks - Continued
Commom Metamorphic Rocks
Table II. Engineering Classification For In Situ Rock Quality
Figure 3. Strength Classification
Section 6. Special Materials
Table 12. Identification and Characteristics of Special Materials.
Table 12. Identification and Characteristics of Special Materials. - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0062
Table 12. Identification and Characteristics of Special Materials. - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0063
Figure 4. Volume Change Potential Classifications For Clay Soils
Collapsing Soils
Figure 5. Criterion for Collapse Potential
Figure 6. Typical Collapse Potential Test Results
Figure 7. Extreme Frost Penetration (in inches) Based Upon State Average
Coral and Coral Formation.
Quick Clays
References - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0073
Chapter 2. Field Exploration, Testing, and Instrumentation
Figure 1. Sample Boring Log
Section 2. Published Soil and Geological Maps
Table 1. Sources of Geological Information
Table 1. Sources of Geological Information - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0078
Table 1. Sources of Geological Information - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0079
Table 2. Remote Sensing Data - ufc_3_220_10n0080
Table 2. Remote Sensing Data - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0081
Table 2. Remote Sensing Data - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0082
Table 2. Remote Sensing Data - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0083
Limitations
Table 2. Remote Sensing Data - ufc_3_220_10n0085
Table 3. Onshore Geophysics for Engineering Purposes.
Table 3. Onshore Geophysics for Engineering Purposes. - Continued
Table 4. Offshore Geophysical Methods
Table 4. Offshore Geophysical Methods - Continued
Section 5. Soil Borings and Test Pits
Table 5. Types of Test Borings
Table 5. Types of Test Borings - Continued
Table 6. Requirements for Boring Layout
Table 6. Requirements for Boring Layout - Continued
Table 7. Requirements for Boring Depths
Sealing Boreholes.
Table 8. Use, Capabilities and Limitations of Test Pits and Trenches
Section 6. Sampling
Table 9. Common Samplers for Disturbed Soil Samples and Rock Cores
Table 9. Common Samplers for Disturbed Soil Samples and Rock Cores - Continued
Table 9. Common Samplers for Disturbed Soil Samples and Rock Cores - Continued
Table 10. Common Samplers for Undisturbed Samples
Table 10. Common Samplers for Undisturbed Samples - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0103
Table 10. Common Samplers for Undisturbed Samples - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0104
Rock Cores
Figure 2. Standard Sizes, in Inches, for Casings, Rods, Core Barrels,and Holes
Table 11. Sampling of Disintegrated Rock Zones
Table 12. Common Underwater Samplers
Table 12. Common Underwater Samplers - Continued
Section 7. Penetration Resistance Tests
Cone Penetrometer Tests (CPT)
Figure 3. Correlations Between Relative Density and Standard Penetration Resistance
Figure 4. Correlations of Standard Penetration Resistance
Figure 5. Shear Modulus vs. N Values (SPT) at Very Small Strains
Table 13. Procedures Which May Affect the Measured "N" Values
Table 13. Procedures Which May Affect the Measured "N" Values - Continued
Figure 6. Dutch Cone Penetrometer
Section 8. Groundwater Measurements
Table 14. Groundwater or Piezometric Level Monitoring Devices
Figure 7. Open Standpipe Piezometers
Figure 8. Porous Element Piezometers
Section 9. Measurement of Soil and Rock Properties In Situ
Figure 9. Sources of Error and Corrective Methods in Groundwater Pressure Measurements
Figure 10. Vane Shear Test Arrangement
Deformation Moduli
Figure 11. Menard Pressuremeter Equipment
Figure 12. Analysis of Plate Bearing Tests
Permeability
Figure 13. Analysis of Permeability by Variable Head Tests
Table 15. Shape Factors for Computation of Permeability From Variable Head Tests
Table 15. Shape Factors for Computation of Permeability From Variable Head Tests - Continued
Figure 14. Test Zone Isolation Methods
Percolation Test
In-Place Density
Section 10. Field Instrumentation
Figure 15. Example of Instrumentation Adjacent to a Building and Diaphragm Wall
Loads and Temperature.
Table 16. Load and Temperature Devices in Walled Excavation Elements
Table 16. Load and Temperature Devices in Walled Excavation Elements - Continued
Chapter 3. Laboratory Testing
Table 1. Requirements for Index Properties Tests and Testing Standards
Table 1. Requirements for Index Properties Tests and Testing Standards - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0144
Table 1. Requirements for Index Properties Tests and Testing Standards - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0145
Table 2. Requirements for Structural Properties
Table 2. Requirements for Structural Properties - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0147
Table 2. Requirements for Structural Properties - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0148
Table 3. Requirements for Dynamic Tests
Table 4. Requirements for Compacted Samples Tests
Table 4. Requirements for Compacted Samples Tests - Continued
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0153
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0154
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0155
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0156
Table 5. Soil Properties for Analysis and Design - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0157
Structural Properties Tests
Compaction Tests
Table 6. Volume and Weight Relationships
Table 6. Volume and Weight Relationships - Continued
Section 3. Permeability Tests
Section 4. Consolidation Tests
Figure 1. Permeability of Sands and Sand-Gravel Mixtures
Figure 2. Consolidation Test Relationships
Virgin Compression
Figure 3. Preconsolidation Pressure vs. Liquidity Index
Secondary Compression - ufc_3_220_10n0168
Figure 4. Approximate Correlations for Consolidation Characteristics of Silts and Clays
Section 5. Shear Strenght Tests
Figure 5. Triaxial Apparatus Schematic
Figure 6. Triaxial Shear Test Relationships
Test Selection
Figure 7. Correlations of Strength Characteristics for Granular Soils
Type of Application.
Section 6. Dynamic Testing
Table 7. Capabilities of Dynamic Testing Apparatus
Section 7. Tests on Compacted Soils
Section 8. Tests On Rock
Table 8. Test Procedures for Intact Rock
Rock Quality Tests
Table 9. Test Procedures for Aggregate
References - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0185
Chapter 4. Distribution of Stresses
Section 3. Stresses Beneath Structures and Embankments
Vertical Stresses Beneath Regular Loads
Figure 1. Examples of Stress Conditions at a Point
Figure 2. Formulas for Stresses in Semi-Infinite Elastic Foundation
Figure 2. Formulas for Stresses in Semi-Infinite Elastic Foundation - Continued
Figure 3. Stress Contours and Their Application
Figure 4. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Beneath a Corner
Figure 5. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Under Uniformly Loaded Circular Area
Figure 6. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Under Embankment Load
Figure 7. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Beneath Triangular Load
Figure 8. Examples of Computation of Vertical Stress
Figure 9. Determination of Stress Below Corner of Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Area
Figure 10. Influence Chart for Vertical Stress Beneath Irregular Load
Layered Or Anisotropic Foundations
Figure 11. Vertical Stress Contours for Square and Strip Footings
Figure 12. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Beneath a Corner of a Uniformly Loaded
Figure 13. Influence Value for Vertical Stress Beneath Triangular Load
Figure 14. Influence Values for Vertical Stresses Beneath Uniformly Loaded
Figure 15. Stress Profile in a Two-Layer Soil Mass
Rigid Loaded Area
Figure 16. Contact Pressure Under (a) Rigid Footings (b) Flexible Foundation
Figure 17. Influence Values for Vertical Stresses Around a Pile in an Elastic Solid
Rigid Pipe
Figure 18. Backfill Coefficients, Embankment Loads, and Load Factors for Rigid Conduits
Figure 18. Backfill Coefficients, Embankment Loads, and Load Factors for Rigid Conduits - Continued
Figure 19. Vertical Pressure on Culvert Versus Height of Cover
Flexible Steel Pipe
Figure 20. Pressure Transfer Coefficients for Corrugated Flexible Conduits
Initial Designs.
Figure 21. Example of Ring Deflection
Section 5. Deep Underground Openings
Figure 22. Conduits Beneath Embankments of Finite Width
Openings in Rock
Table 1. Overburden Rock Load Carried by Roof Support
Openings In Soft Ground
Figure 23. Load Action on Underground Openings in Earth
Pressure On Vertical Shafts
Table 2. Loads For Temporary Supports in Earth Tunnels at Depths More Than
Table 2. Loads For Temporary Supports in Earth Tunnels at Depths More Than - Continued
Figure 24. Coefficients for Active or Passive Pressures on Underground Cylindrical
Section 6. Numerical Stress Analysis
Chapter 5. Analysis of Settlement and Volume Expansion
Figure 1. Consolidation Settlement Analysis
Figure 2. Profiles of Vertical Stresses Before Construction
Figure 2. Profiles of Vertical Stresses Before Construction - Continued
Section 3. Instantaneous Settlement
Figure 3. Computation of Total Settlement for Various Loading Conditions
Settlement of Coarse-Grained Soils
Table 1. Shape and Rigidity Factors I for Calculating Settlements
Table 1. Shape and Rigidity Factors I for Calculating Settlements - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0238
Table 1. Shape and Rigidity Factors I for Calculating Settlements - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0239
Table 2. Relationship Between Undrained Modulus and Overconsolidation Ratio
Figure 4a. Relationship Between Settlement Ratio and Applied Stress Ratio
Figure 4b. Relationship Between Initial Shear Stress and Overconsolidation
Figure 5. Example of Immediate Settlement Computations in Clay
Figure 6. Instantaneous Settlement of Isolated Footings on Coarse-Grained Soils
Figure 7. Settlement of Footings Over Granular Soils: Example Computation Using Schmertman's Method
Figure 7. Settlement of Footings Over Granular Soils: Example Computation Using Schmertman's Method - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0246
Figure 7. Settlement of Footings Over Granular Soils: Example Computation Using Schmertman's Method - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0247
Section 4. Primary and Secondary Settlements
Table 3. Estimates of Coefficient of Consolidation (C+c,)
Figure 8. Relation Between Settlement Ratio and Overconsolidation Ratio
Time Rate of Primary Consolidation
Figure 9. Time Rate of Consolidation for Vertical Drainage Due
Figure 10. Vertical Sand Drains and Settlement Time Rate
Figure 11. Nomograph for Consolidation With Vertical Drainage
Figure 12. Effect of Drainage Conditions on Time Rate of Consolidation
Secondary Compression - ufc_3_220_10n0256
Figure 13. Time Rate of Consolidation for Gradual Load Application
Figure 14. Coefficient of Consolidation from Field Measurements
Figure 14. Coefficient of Consolidation from Field Measurements - Continued
Figure 15. Procedure for Determining the Rate of Consolidation
Figure 15. Procedure for Determining the Rate of Consolidation - Continued
Figure 16. Coefficient of Secondary Compression as Related to Natural Water Content
Section 5. Tolerable and Differential Settlement
Table 4. Tolerable Settlements for Building
Table 5. Tolerable Differential Settlement For Miscellaneous Structures
Section 5. Methods of Reducing or Accelerating Settlement
Table 6. Methods of Reducing or Accelerating Settlement or Coping with Settlement
Table 6. Methods of Reducing or Accelerating Settlement or Coping with Settlement - Continued
Balancing Load by Excavation
Figure 17. Surcharge Load Required to Eliminate Settlement Under Final
Vertical Drains
Table 7. Common Types of Vertical Drains
Figure 18. Data for Typical Sand Drain Installation
Figure 19. Nomograph for Consolidation with Radial Drainage to Vertical Sand Drain
Figure 20. Example of Surcharge and Sand Drain Design
Figure 20. Example of Surcharge and Sand Drain Design - Continued
Figure 21. Allowance for Smear Effect in Sand Drain Design
Section 7. Analysis of Volume Expansion
Table 8. Heave From Volume Change
Table 8. Heave From Volume Change - Continued
Figure 22. Computation of Swell of Desiccated Clays
Chapter 5. Seepage and Drainage
Figure 1. Flow Net Construction and Seepage Analysis
Rules For Flow Net Construction
Seepage Quantity
Sectiion 3. Seepage Control by Cut Off
Table 1. Cut Off Methods For Seepage Control
Table 1. Cut Off Methods For Seepage Control - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0290
Table 1. Cut Off Methods For Seepage Control - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0291
Supplementary Measures.
Figure 2. Penetration of Cut Off Wall to Prevent Piping in Isotropic Sand
Figure 3. Penetration of Cut Off Wall Required to Prevent Piping
Figure 3. Penetration of Cut Off Wall Required to Prevent Piping - Continued
Section 4. Design of Drainage Blanket and Filters
Figure 4. Design Criteria for Protective Filters - ufc_3_220_10n0297
Figure 4. Design Criteria for Protective Filters - Continued
Figure 4. Design Criteria for Protective Filters - ufc_3_220_10n0299
Drainage Blanket
Figure 5. Typical Filter and Drainage Blanket Applications
Figure 6. Permeability and Capillarity of Drainage Materials
Figure 7. Analysis of Drainage Layer Performance
Section 5. Wellpoint Systems and Deep Wells
Figure 8. Intercepting Drains for Roadways on a Slope
Figure 9. Rate of Seepage into Drainage Trench
Sumps
Pumping Wells
Figure 10. Groundwater Lowering by Pumping Wells
Figure 11. Drainage of Artesian Layer by Line of Relief Wells
Section 6. Linings For Reservoirs and Pollution Control Facilities
Table 2. Impermeable Reservoir Linings
Table 2. Impermeable Reservoir Linings - Continued
Surface Erosion Control
Figure 12. Nomograph for Determining Soil Erodibility (K) for Universal
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0317
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0318
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0319
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0320
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0321
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0322
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0323
Table 3. Typical Erosion Control Practice - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0324
Table 4. Limiting Flow Velocities to Minimize Erosion
Sediment Control
Figure 13. Capacity of Sediment Control Ponds
Figure 13. Capacity of Sediment Control Ponds - Continued
Figure 14. Design Criteria for Riprap and Filter on Earth Embankments
Figure 14. Design Criteria for Riprap and Filter on Earth Embankments - Continued
Chapter 7. Slope Stability and Protection
Table 1. Analysis of Stability of Natural Slopes
Table 1. Analysis of Stability of Natural Slopes - Continued
Table 2. Analysis of Stability of Cut and Fill Slopes, Conditions Varying With Time
Effect of Soil Rock Type
Section 3. Methods of Analysis
Figure 1. Method Of Slices - Simplified Bishop Method (Circular Slip Surface)
Figure 1. Method Of Slices - Simplified Bishop Method (Circular Slip Surface) - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0341
Figure 1. Method Of Slices - Simplified Bishop Method (Circular Slip Surface) - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0342
Slope Stability Charts
Figure 2. Stability Analysis for Slopes in Cohesive Soils, Undrained Conditions
Figure 3. Center of Critical Circle, Slope in Cohesive Soil
Figure 4. Influence of Surcharge, Submergence, and Tension Cracks on Stability
Figure 5. Design of Berms for Embankments on Soft Clays
Figure 6. Stability Analysis of Translational Failure
Figure 6. Stability Analysis of Translational Failure - Continued
Figure 7. Example of Stability Analysis of Translational Failure
Figure 7. Example of Stability Analysis of Translational Failure - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0351
Figure 7. Example of Stability Analysis of Translational Failure - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0352
Figure 8. Stability of Rock Slope
Earthquake Loading
Figure 9. Earthquake Loading on Slopes
Section 4. Effects of Soil Paratemers and Groundwater on Stablility
Figure 10. Correction Factors R+E, and R+F, to Account for Progressive
Effect of Groundwater and Excess Pore Pressure
Table 3. Pore Pressure Conditions for Stability Analysis Homogeneous Embankment
Stability Problems In Special Materials
Table 4. Methods of Stabilizing Excavation Slopes
Table 4. Methods of Stabilizing Excavation Slopes - Continued
Section 6. Slope Protection
Figure 11. Influence of Stabilizing Pile on Safety Factor
Figure 11. Influence of Stabilizing Pile on Safety Factor - Continued
Figure 12. Pile Stabilized Slope
Figure 13. Example Calculation - Pile Stabilized Slopes
Figure 13. Example Calculation - Pile Stabilized Slopes - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0368
Figure 13. Example Calculation - Pile Stabilized Slopes - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0369
Figure 13. Example Calculation - Pile Stabilized Slopes - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0370
Types of Protection Available
Table 5. Thickness and Gradation Limits of Dumped Riprap
Appendix A: Listing of Computer Program
Appendix A: Listing of Computer Program - Continued
Glossary - ufc_3_220_10n0378
Glossary - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0379
Symbols
Symbols - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0381
Symbols - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0382
Symbols - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0383
Symbols - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0384
Symbols - Continued - ufc_3_220_10n0385
