TM-5-855-4
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1-1. Purpose.
and air-conditioning (HVAC) for hardened military and strategic facilities at new or existing Army
installations. The material presented includes data for auxiliary equipment systems with special
reference to underground installations not normally covered in HVAC manuals.
b. The term "hardened' applies to facilities intentionally designed to be resistant to conventional
explosive effects, nuclear weapons effects, chemical or biological attack, and intruder attack. This
manual addresses the technology of HVAC systems as it pertains to hardened facilities without regard to a
specific type of attack, unless specifically required for design purposes.
c. Because of continuing research in the offensive and defensive techniques of warfare, it is strongly
recommended that close coordination be maintained with the Commander, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Attention: HQDA (DAEN-ECE-T) Washington, D.C. 20314-1000 and the U.S. Army
Armament Munitions and Chemical Command (AMCCOM) Chemical Research and Development
Center (CRDC), Attention: SMCCR-PPP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5423.
1-2. Scope.
a. It is outside of the scope of this manual to cover explicitly all rules and procedures pertaining to
HVAC design; however, the manual is written for HVAC engineers possessing state-of-the-art expertise
in their discipline but who are unfamiliar with the requirements of hardened installations. Wherever
possible reference is made to design data guidelines and information included in other references. Only
design data that is not easily found elsewhere is included in the present manual.
and radiological fallout are included in this manual, but the design of hardened facilities is covered in
the references listed in appendix A. In particular, the
TM 5-858 series of manuals pertains to
"Designing of Facilities to Resist Nuclear Weapon Effects". In addition, TM 5-855-1 provides guidance
for the design of facilities subject to non-nuclear attack, and TM 5-855-5 provides detailed guidance for
protection from nuclear electromagnetic pulse.
1-3.
Criteria.
a. After establishing the requirements for a hardened facility, concept criteria are developed based
on environmental constraints, mission requirements, system configuration, and facility operational
modes.
(1) In particular, the engagement or operational scenario defines the degree and time of isolation
required, the length of warning time the facility commander will have prior to attack, the design weapon
effects, and other operational conditions which are necessary for design and operational reliability of the
facility.
(2) Complementing the scenario, associated design criteria are developed on local soil conditions;
size and proximity of weapon detonation; type and quantity of fallout debris, dust, or ejecta;, and growth
factors to be plugged in the sizing of equipment; as well as other design factors.
(3) From the scenario and associated criteria, the HVAC designers will extract conditions, time
periods, and events which will dictate the configuration and design of the facility environmental and
associated auxiliary systems. For example, the warning time, weapon effects, RFI protection, and degree
of isolation will dictate the response time of the closure devices required to seal the outside air intakes and
to isolate the facility from airborne chemical biological (CB) contaminants.
b. The HVAC criteria for temperature, humidity, and other air quality conditions required in
hardened installations are similar to those maintained in conventional surface structures when the
missions are similar. The conditions peculiar to underground use are emphasized in this manual, with
some data and information applicable to general HVAC problems included for the sake of convenience.
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1-1
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