TM 5-814-7
Table 6-2. Summary of Liner Types
Range of
Liner material
Characteristics
costs a
Advantages
Disadvantages
Soils:
Compacted clay
Compacted mixture of onsite
L
High cation exchange capacity; re-
Organic or inorganic acids or
soils to a permeability of 10-7
soils
sistant to many types of
bases may solubilize portions
cm/sec
leachate
of clay structure
Soil-bentonite
Compacted mixture of onsite
L
High cation exchange capacity;
Organic or inorganic acids or
soil, water and bentonite
resistant to many types of
bases may solubilize portions
leachate
of clay structure
Admixes:
Asphalt-concrete
Mixtures of asphalt cement and
M
Resistant to water and effects of
Not resistant to organic solvents;
high quality mineral aggregate
weather extremes; stable on
partially or wholly soluble in
side slopes; resistant to acids,
hydrocarbons; does not have
bases, and inorganic salts
good resistance to inorganic
chemicals; high gas perme-
ability
Asphalt-
Core layer of blown asphalt
M
Flexible enough to conform to ir-
Ages rapidly in hot climates; not
membrane
blended with mineral fillers
regularities in subgrade; resist-
resistant to organic solvents,
and reinforcing fibers
ant to acids, bases, and inor-
particularly hydrocarbons
Soil asphalt
Compacted mixture of asphalt,
L
Resistant to acids, bases, and
Not resistant to organic solvents,
water, and selected in-place
salts
particularly hydrocarbons
soils
Soil cement
Compacted mixture of Portland
L
Good weathering in wet-dry/
Degraded by highly acidic envi-
cement, water, and selected in-
freeze-thaw cycles; can re-
ronments
place soils
sist moderate amount of alkali,
rganics and inorganic salts
Polymeric membranes:
Butyl rubber
Copolymer of isobutylene with
M
Low gas and water vapor perme-
Highly swollen by hydrocarbon
small amounts of isoprene
ability; thermal stability; only
solvents and petroleum oils;
slightly affected by oxygen-
difficult to seam and repair
ated solvents and other polar
liquids
Chlorinated
Produced by chemical reaction
M
Good tensile strength and
Will swell in presence of aro-
polyethylene
between chlorine and high den-
elongation strength; resistant
matic hydrocarbons and oils
sity polyethylene
to many inorganics
Chlorosulfonate
Family of polmers prepared by
H
Good resistance to ozone, heat,
Tends to harden on aging; low
polyethylene
reacting polyethylene with
acids, and alkalis
tensile strength; tendency to
chlorine and sulfur dioxide
shrink from exposure to sun-
light; poor resistance to oil
Elasticized
Blend of rubbery and crystalline
L
Low density; highly resistant to
Difficulties with low temper-
polyolefins
polyolefins
weathering, alkalis, and acids
atures and oils
Epichlorohydrin
Saturated high molecular weight,
M
Good tensile and test strength;
None reported
rubbers
aliphatic polethers with chloro-
thermal stability; low rate of
methyl side chains
gas and vapor permeability; re
sistant to ozone and weather-
ing; resistant to hydrocarbons,
solvents, fuels, and oils
Ethylene
Family of terpolymers of
M
Resistant to dilute concentra-
Not recommended for petroleum
propylene
ethylene, propylene, and non
tions of acids, alkalis, silicates,
solvents or halogenated sol-
rubber
conjugated hydrocarbon
phosphates and brine; tolerates
vents
extreme temperatures; flexible
at low temperatures; excellent
resistance to weather and ul-
traviolet exposure
Neoprene
Synthetic rubber based on chlor-
H
Resistant to oils, weathering,
None reported
oprene
ozone and ultraviolet radi-
ation; resistant to puncture,
abrasion, and mechanical dam-
age
Polyethylene
Thermoplastic polymer based on
L
Superior resistance to oils, sol-
Not recommended for exposure
ethylene
vents, and permeation by wa-
to weathering and ultraviolet
ter vapor and gases
light conditions
See footnote at end of table.
6-7
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