UFC 3-260-02
30 June 2001
Table 12-8
Dowel Size and Spacing for Construction, Contraction, and Expansion Joints
Pavement
Minimum
Maximum
Thickness
Dowel Length
Dowel Spacing
mm (in.)
mm (in.)
mm (in.)
Dowel Diameter and Type
Less than 203 (8)
406 (16)
305 (12)
20-mm (3/4-in.) bar
203-292 (8-11.5)
406 (16)
305 (12)
25-mm (1-in.) bar
305-394 (12-15.5)
508 (20)
381 (15)
25- to 30-mm (1- to 1-1/4-in.) bar
or 25-mm (1-in.) extra-strength pipe
406-521 (16 - 20.5)
508 (20)
457 (18)
25- to 40-mm (1- to 1-1/2-in.) bar
or 25- to 60-mm (1- to 1-1/2-in.)
extra-strength pipe
533-648 (21 - 25.5)
610 (24)
457 (18)
50-mm (2-in.) bar or 50-mm (2-in.)
extra-strength pipe
660 (26) or more
762 (30)
457 (18)
75-mm (3-in) bar or 75-mm (3-in.)
extra-strength pipe
(2) Doweled butt joint. The doweled butt joint is considered to be the best joint for providing
load transfer and maintaining slab alignment. Therefore, it is the desirable joint for the most adverse
conditions, such as heavy loading, high traffic intensity, and lower strength foundations. However,
because the alignment and placement of the dowel bars are critical to satisfactory performance, the
dowels must be carefully aligned, especially for slipformed concrete. The doweled butt joint is required
for all transverse construction joints.
(3) Thickened-edge joint. Thickened-edge-type joints may be used in lieu of other types of
joints employing load-transfer devices. The thickened-edge joint is constructed by increasing the
thickness of the concrete at the edge to 125 percent of the design thickness. The thickness is then
reduced by tapering from the free-edge thickness to the design thickness at a distance 1.5 meters
(5 feet) from the longitudinal edge. The thickened-edge butt joint is considered adequate for the load-
induced concrete stresses. The thickened-edge joint may be used at free edges of paved areas to
accommodate future expansion of the facility or where aircraft wheel loadings may track the edge of the
pavement.
c. Expansion Joints.
(1) General. Expansion joints will be used at all intersections of pavements with structures and
may be required within the pavement features. A special expansion joint required at pavement
intersections is the slip joint. The types of expansion joints are the thickened-edge, the thickened-edge
slip joint, and the doweled type (Figures 12-33 and 12-34). Filler material for the thickened-edge and
doweled-type expansion joint will be a nonextruding type. Bituminous filler material will not be used
when the sealer is non-bituminous. The type and thickness of filler material and the manner of its
installation will depend upon the particular case. Usually a preformed material of 19-millimeter (3/4-inch)
thickness will be adequate, but in some instances a greater thickness of filler material may be required.
Filler material for slip joints will be either a heavy coating of bituminous material not less than
12-22
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