TM 5-814-2/AFM 88-11, Vol. 2
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL
expense of deep trench excavation, jacking, boring,
Purpose and scope. This manual provides
1-1.
tunneling, or construction of long sewer runs to avoid
guidance, instructions and criteria for the design of
high terrain. In those cases, both wastewater pumping
sanitary and industrial wastewater pumping facilities at
and gravity flow sewers will be technically feasible and
fixed Army and Air Force installations, and any
capable of meeting service requirements. However,
applicable special projects. Facilities covered in this
they may not be equivalent in economic terms. When it
manual include pump and ejector stations required for
is not readily apparent which solution would be more
(1) removal of sanitary and industrial wastes from
economical, the decision to use one or the other will be
remote or low lying areas of the installation which
based on a life cycle cost analysis. Initial capital and
cannot be served hydraulically by gravity sewers, (2)
construction costs for pumps, ejectors, structures, force
controlled introduction and lifting of raw wastewater into
mains, etc., plus operation and maintenance costs, will
the waste treatment plant, (3) transfer of recycled and
be compared with the costs of deep trench excavation,
bypassed flows throughout the plant, and (4) discharge
or other special construction methods required for a
of treated effluent. Pumping systems for the handling of
gravity system. Generally, a gravity sewer system will
sludge, grit and scum are presented in TM 5-814-3/AFM
be justified until its cost exceeds the cost of a pumped
88-11, Vol. 3. The design of a wastewater pumping
system by 10 percent. TM 5-814-8 contains criteria for
station will typically include site improvements,
economic evaluation of wastewater pumping. TM 5814-
structures, screening and flow monitoring devices,
1/AFM 88-11, Vol. 1 provides criteria for engineering
pumping units, pump drives, system controls and
and design of sanitary and industrial wastewater
instrumentation, mechanical and electrical components,
collection systems.
interior piping, underground force mains, valves and
b. Grinder pumps and vacuum systems. There
appurtenances.
may be areas so limited by high groundwater,
subsurface rock, unstable soil or steep topography, that
Special wastes.
Pumping systems for
1-2.
neither gravity sewers nor centralized pumping stations
hazardous and explosive wastes, corrosive acids or
will be feasible. In these cases, the use of grinder
alkalies, high temperature or other industrial type
pumps or vacuum systems will be investigated. See
wastes, will generally require the selection of highly
paragraph 1-4b of TM 5-814-1/AFM 88-11, Vol. 1.
resistant pumps, valves and piping materials. Design of
Design criteria for grinder pumps are contained in this
these systems will be in accordance with special criteria
manual.
developed for the particular situation. Selection of
materials for pumps, piping, valves and controls, etc.,
will be based on manufacturers' recommendations,
product specifications, and any other appropriate design
manuals or applicable criteria.
1-3.
Pump stations alternatives
a. Gravity sewer system. Pumping stations and
pneumatic ejectors will normally be required to remove
wastes from areas which cannot be served hydraulically
by gravity sewers. In certain situations however, a
gravity sewer system can be utilized, but only at the
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