*TM 5-813-1/AFM-88-10, Vol. 1
CHAPTER 4
WATER SUPPLY SOURCES
4-1. General
4-3. Other water systems
Water supplies may be obtained from surface or ground
If the installation is located near a municipality or other
sources, by expansion of existing systems, or by
public or private agency operating a water supply
purchase from other systems. The selection of a source
system, this system should be investigated to determine
of supply will be based on water availability, adequacy,
its ability to provide reliable water service to the
quality, cost of development and operation and the
installation at reasonable cost. The investigation must
expected life of the project to be served. In general, all
consider future as well as current needs of the existing
alternative sources of supply should be evaluated to the
system and, in addition, the impact of the military project
extent necessary to provide a valid assessment of their
on the water supply requirements in the existing water
value for a specific installation. Alternative sources of
service area. Among the important matters that must be
supply include purchase of water from U.S. Government
considered are: quality of the supply; adequacy of the
owned or other public or private systems, as well as
supply during severe droughts; reliability and adequacy
consideration of development or expansion of
of raw water pumping and transmission facilities;
independent ground and surface sources.
A
treatment plant and equipment; high service pumping;
combination of surface and ground water, while not
storage and distribution facilities; facilities for
generally employed, may be advantageous under some
transmission from the existing supply system to the
circumstances and should receive consideration.
military project; and costs. In situations where a long
Economic, as well as physical, factor must be evaluated.
supply line is required between the existing supply and
The final selection of the water source will be determined
the installation, a study will be made of the economic
by feasibility studies, considering all engineering,
size of the pipeline, taking into consideration cost of
economic, energy and environmental factors.
construction, useful life, cost of operation, and minimum
use of materials. With a single supply line, the on-site
water storage must be adequate to support the mission
4-2. Use of existing systems
requirement of the installation for its emergency period.
Most water supply projects for military installations
A further requirement is an assessment of the adequacy
involve expansion or upgrading of existing supply works
of management, operation, and maintenance of the
rather than development of new sources. If there is an
public water supply system.
existing water supply under the jurisdiction of the
Department of the Army, Air Force, or other U.S.
Government agency, thorough investigation will be made
4-4. Environmental consideration
to determine its capacity and reliability and the possible
For information on environmental policies, objectives,
arrangements that might be made for its use with or
and guidelines refer to AR 200-1, for Army Projects and
without enlargement. The economics of utilizing the
AFRs 19-1 and 19-2 for Air Force Projects.
existing supply should be compared with the economics
of reasonable alternatives. If the amount of water taken
4-5. Water quality considerations
from an existing source is to be increased, the ability of
Guidelines for determining the adequacy of a potential
the existing source to supply estimated water
raw water supply for producing an acceptable finished
requirements during drought periods must be fully
water supply with conventional treatment practices are
addressed. Also, potential changes in the quality of the
given in paragraph A-2 of TM 5-813-3/AFM 88-10, Vol.
raw water due to the increased rate of withdrawal must
3.
receive consideration.
a.
Hardness. The hardness of water supplies
is classified as shown in table 4-1.
4-1
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