TABLE 2
Impermeable Reservoir Linings
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*
*
*
Method
Applicability and Procedures
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* Buried Plastic * Impervious liner formed of black colored polyvinyl
*
* Liner
* chloride plastic film. Where foundation is rough or
*
* rocky, place a layer 2 to 4 inches thick of fine-grained *
*
*
* soil beneath liner. Seal liner sections by
*
*
* bonding with manufacturer's recommended solvent with
*
*
* 6-inch overlap at joints. Protect liner by 6-inch
*
* min. cover of fine grained soil. On slopes add a
*
*
*
* 6-inch layer of gravel and cobbles 3/4 to 3-inch
*
*
* size. Anchor liner in a trench at top of slope.
*
*
* Avoid direct contact with sunlight during construction
*
* before covering with fill and in completed
*
*
*
* installation. Usual thickness range of 20 to 45
*
*
* mils (.020" to 045"). Items to be specified
*
*
* include Tensile Strength (ASTM D412), Elongation at
*
*
* Break (ASTM D412), Water Absorption (ASTM D471),
*
* Cold Bend (ASTM D2136), Brittleness Temperature
*
*
*
* (ASTM D746), Ozone Resistance (ASTM D1149), Heat
*
* Aging Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break
*
*
*
* (ASTM D412), Strength - Tear and Grab (ASTM D751).
*
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* Buried Synthetic* Impervious liner formed by synthetic rubber, most
*
* Rubber Liner
* often polyester reinforced. Preparation, sealing,
*
*
* protection, anchoring, sunlight, thickness, and ASTM
*
* standards are same as Buried Plastic Liner.
*
*
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* Bentonite Seal * Bentonite placed under water to seal leaks after
*
* reservoir filling. For placing under water,
*
*
* bentonite may be poured as a powder or mixed as a
*
*
*
* slurry and placed into the reservoir utilizing
*
*
* methods recommended by the manufacturer. Use at
*
* least 0.8 pounds of bentonite for each square foot
*
*
*
* of area, with greater concentration at location of
*
* suspected leaks. For sealing silty or sandy soils,
*
*
*
* bentonite should have no more than 10 percent larger
*
* than 0.05 mm; for gravelly and rocky materials,
*
*
*
* bentonite can have as much as 40 percent larger than
*
* 0.05 mm. For sealing channels with flowing water or
*
*
* large leaks, use mixture of 1/3 each of sodium
*
*
*
* bentonite, calcium bentonite, and sawdust.
*
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7.1-287
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