TM 5-818-1 / AFM 88-3, Chap. 7
16-4. Grouting and injection. Grouting is a high-cost
(D15)soil > 25
soil stabilization method that can be used where there is
(D85)grout
sufficient confinement to permit required injection
pressures. It is usually limited to zones of relatively small
Type I portland cement, Typeportland cement, and Type
volume and to special problems. Some of the more
III portland cement, Type III portland cement, and
important applications are control of groundwater during
processed bentonite cannot be used to penetrate soils
construction; void filling to prevent excessive settlement;
finer than 30, 40, and 60 mesh sieve sizes, respectively.
strengthening adjacent foundation soils to protect against
Different types of grouts may be combined to both
damage during excavation, pile driving, etc.; soil
coarse- and fine-grained soils.
strengthening to reduce lateral support requirements;
b. Cement and soil-cement grouting. See TM
stabilization of loose sands against liquefaction;
5-818-6/AFM 88-32 for discussion of planning and
foundation underpinning; reduction of machine
implementation of foundation grouting with cement and
foundation vibrations; and filling solution voids in
soil-cement.
calcareous materials.
c. Chemical grouting. To penetrate the voids
a. Grout types and groutability. Grouts can be
of finer soils, chemical grout must be used. The most
classified as particulate or chemical. Portland cement is
common classes of chemical grouts in current use are
the most widely used particulate grouting material.
silicates, resins, lignins, and acrylamides. The viscosity
Grouts composed of cement and clary are also widely
of the chemical-water solution is the major factor
used, and lime-slurry injection is finding increasing
controlling groutability. The particle-size ranges over
application. Because of the silt-size particles in these
materials, they cannot be injected into the pores of soils
finer than medium to coarse sand. For successful
grouting of soils, use the following guide
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers
Figure 16-4. Relative density as a function of vibroflot hole spacings.
16-12
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