Table 8-2.1
A Summary of Densification Methods for Building Foundations
Soil
Soil
Degree of
Fill and Backfill
Deep Foundation Deposits
Group
Types
Compaction
Typical Equipment and Procedures for Compaction
Field
Compaction Methods
Field Control
Control
Equipment
No. of
Comp.
Placement
Phases or
Lift
Water
Coverages
Thick.,
Content
mm (in)
GW
90 to 95%
Vibratory
Indefinite
Indefinite
Saturate by
Control
None available
ASTM D
rollers and
samples at
except for near
GP
1557
compactors
intervals to
surface (down to
maximum
determine
approximate depth of
SW
Rubber tired
2-5
300 (12)
density
degree of
five feet)
rollersa
SP
coverages
compaction
Compaction by
75 to 85%
or relative
equipment and
Crawler type
2-5
130 (5)
of relative
tractorc
density
procedure shown at
coverages
density
left
Power hand
Indefinite
150 (6)
tamperc
85 to 90%
Rubber tired
2-5
360 (14)
Saturate by
Control
Vibroflotation,
Undisturbed
rollera
ASTM D
coverages
samples
compaction piles,
samples from
1557
per above,
sand piles,
borings or test pits
Crawler type
1-2
250 (10)
maximum
if needed
to determine
tractor
coverages
density
degree of
Surface compaction
compaction or
65 to
as per above
relative density
Power hand
Indefinite
200 (8)
75% of
tamper
relative
density
Controlled
Indefinite
200
routing of
250
construction
(8-10)
equipment
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