EI 02C097
01 Jul 97
Appendix D
b. The correction for batter is made as follows:
Modification of p-y Curves for Battered
(1) enter Figure D1 with the angle of batter, positive or
Piles
negative, and obtain a value of the ratio; (2) compute
groundline deflection as if the pile were vertical;
a. Kubo (1965) and Awoshika and Reese (1971)1
(3) multiply the deflection found in (2) by the ratio found
inves-tigated the effect of batter on the behavior of
in (1); (4) vary the strength of the soil until the
laterally loaded piles. Kubo used model tests in sands
deflection found in (3) is obtained; and (5) use the
and full-scale field experiments to obtain his results.
modified strength found in (4) for the further
Awoshika and Reese tested 2-inch diameter piles in sand.
computations of the behavior of the pile that is placed on
The value of the constant showing the increase or
a batter. The method outlined is obviously approximate
decrease in soil resistance as a function of the angle of
and should be used with caution. If the project is large,
batter may be obtained from the line in Figure D1. The
it could be desirable to perform a field test on a pile
"ratio of soil resistance" was obtained by comparing the
installed with a batter.
groundline deflection for a battered pile with that of a
vertical pile and is, of course, based purely on
experiment.
1
References are listed in Appendix A.
D-1
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