MIL-HDBK-1110
disturbed, for example during repair or as part of an operations
and maintenance activity, special precautions may be required to
ensure the safety of the workers and prevent contamination of the
surroundings.
3.4.4
General Description of Lead-Based Paint Procedures.
Identification, risk assessment, and abatement procedures for
lead-based paint in residential and non-residential structures
may not be the same because of the differences in the way the
structures are used and maintained.
3.4.4.1
Inspection/Assessment. The first step of
inspection/assessment is to prioritize facilities to ensure that
those most likely to have the worst lead-based paint problems are
inspected first. Next, painted surfaces (using the Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) guidelines list of components
and surfaces) are inspected to identify lead-based paint, lead-
containing dust or lead-based paint hazards. For paint, portable
x-ray fluorescence devices are used in conjunction with limited
sampling of surfaces for laboratory atomic absorption
spectrometric analysis. The data are analyzed to determine which
surfaces present a high risk (e.g., peeling, chipping) to
occupants. Both IPM and removal are part of all the strategies.
The objective of the IPM is to reduce excessive exposure to lead
and protect occupants from lead poisoning in facilities pending
total removal of lead-based paint.
For non-residential structures, there are no written procedures
for choosing surfaces for testing for leaded paint. The primary
circumstance in which paint is tested on non-residential
structures is just prior to preparing a contract for maintenance
painting. At that time it is important that samples be taken for
laboratory analyses to determine whether the paint contains lead.
This is because special worker safety and environmental controls
may be needed during coating maintenance to protect workers and
the environment. Environmental controls include containment of
debris to prevent it from polluting air, soil, or water.
Although there are no standard procedures for this inspection, it
is important that enough samples be taken to obtain a
representative lead concentration of the paint. All layers of
the paint film must be included in the samples. Testing should
also be undertaken prior to maintenance and operation activities
that will cause significant amounts of leaded paint to enter the
environment. Both worker safety and local containment of debris
are of concern.
3.4.4.2
In-Place Management (IPM). IPM refers to a broad range
of strategies and methods for controlling exposures to lead and
preventing poisonings from lead in paint pending permanent
removal. Because of the high number of facilities with lead-
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