UFC 3-410-01FA
15 May 2003
CHAPTER 3 SYSTEMS
3-1
SYSTEM SELECTION. The following determines eligibility of a facility for air
conditioning, dehumidification, evaporative cooling, mechanical ventilation, or heating.
3-2
HEATING SYSTEMS. Use steam or high-temperature water for large
distribution systems.
3-2.1
Steam. Do not use single-pipe systems. For safety purposes, use low-
pressure steam (15 psig [100 kPa gage] and below) where terminal equipment is
installed in occupied areas. High-pressure steam (above 15 psig [100 kPa gage]) unit
heaters may be used for space heating in areas such as garages, warehouses, and
hangars where the discharge outlets are a minimum of 13 feet (4 meters) above floor
level.
3-2.2
Hydronic Systems.
3-2.2.1
Do not use gravity flow hot-water systems.
3-2.2.2 For safety purposes, use low-temperature hot water (250 degrees F [120
degrees C] and below) where terminal equipment is installed in occupied areas.
Medium-temperature hot water (350 to 420 degrees F [120 to 175 degrees C]) or high-
temperature hot water (350 to 400 degrees F [175 to 200 degrees C]) unit heaters may
be used for space heating in areas such as garages, warehouses, and hangars where
the discharge outlets are a minimum of 13 feet (4 meters) above floor level.
3-2.2.3 Freeze protection will be automatically provided by operating circulating
pumps when outside temperature drops below 35 degrees F (2 degrees C) or will be
provided by the addition of an appropriate antifreeze solution.
3-2.3
Warm Air. Do not use gravity flow warm air furnaces. Direct-fired heaters
are prohibited in areas subject to hazardous concentrations of flammable gas, vapors,
or dust.
3-2.4
areas or where spot heating is required. Gas, oil, and electricity may be considered as
fuel sources. Use night setback where it is both appropriate and cost effective.
3-2.5
where permitted in the following circumstances:
3-2.5.1 Family Housing. Electric resistance heating may be used where a bathroom
has been added and the existing heating system is inadequate to heat the addition, or
where a bathroom has been added and it is unreasonable from an engineering or
economic position to extend the existing heating system to the new area. Provide an
occupant-activated time switch with a maximum time setting of 30 minutes for electric
resistance or infrared heaters in family housing bathrooms. Use thermostats with a
maximum setting of 75 degrees F (24 degrees C) throughout the housing project.
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