Airfield Pavement Evaluation - index
Chapter 1. Introduction - ufc_3_260_030012
Chapter 1. Introduction cont. - ufc_3_260_030013
Chapter 2. Evaluation Concepts
Evaluation Procedure
Site Data
Operational Considerations.
Table 2-1. Air force Aircraft Group Index
Table 2-2. Characteristics Of Controlling Aircraft Landing Gear Assembly
Table 2-3. Navy Aircraft Groups
Evaluation Testing Methods
Table 2-4. Pass Levels for Air Force Evaluation and Frost or Nonfrost Conditions
Summary Of Army Evaluation Requirements
Table 2-5. ACN Values for Aircraft Types And Four Load Configurations ( Peace Time )
Summary Of Air Force Evaluation Requirements.
Emergency Construction Evaluation.
Chapter 3. Data Collection
Collection Of NDT Data
Testing - ufc_3_260_030029
Data Collection Using Direct Sampling
In-Place Tests for Rigid Pavements.
In-place Tests for Flexible Pavements.
In-place Tests for Flexible Pavements. - Continued
Samples
Laboratory Tests Required
Rigid Pavement Base Course and Subgrade
Figure 3-1. Typical Airfield Layout Showing Recommended NDT Testing Frequencies
Figure 3-2. NDT Equipment Configuration forJoint Load- Transfer Measurements
Figure 3-3. Prediction Of Pavement Temperature for Bituminous Layers
Figure 3-4. Relationship Between Design Pavement Temperature And Design Air Temperature.
Figure 3-5. General relationship between CBR and modulus of subgrade or base-course reaction
Figure 3-6. Curves for determining the effective k value
Chapter 4. Pavement Evaluation Using Nondestructive Testing
Step 2 ( Select Representative Deflection Sections)
Step 3 (Predict Layer Modulus Values)
Default Ranges And Initial Estimates for the Modulus And Poisson's Ratio Of Pavement Materials Are Recommended In Table 4-1.
It is Important to check The Predicted Modulus for Each LayerAnd Determine If Any Of the Predicted Modulus Is Against the Limits.If the Modulus Is OutsideA Limit, Engineering Judgment Is Required to Select One of the Following :
The following Guidelines May Be Helful In determining Layer Modulus
Step 5. (Compute Allowable Aircraft Loads Allowable Passes
Table 4-2. Aircraft Peace-Time Maximum Take-Off and Design Maximum Landing Weight
Table 4-2. Aircraft Peace-Time Maximum Take-Off and Design Maximum Landing Weight - Continued - ufc_3_260_030051
Table 4-2. Aircraft Peace-Time Maximum Take-Off and Design Maximum Landing Weight - Continued - ufc_3_260_030052
Table 4-2. Aircraft Peace-Time Maximum Take-Off and Design Maximum Landing Weight - Continued - ufc_3_260_030053
Limiting Stresses and Strains
Maximum Stresses and Strains.
Interpretation of WESPAVE Output
Figure 4-1. Typical Army Airfield Layout Showing Feature Identification
Figure 4-2. Determination of Are Beneath Deflection Basin
Figure 4-3. Procedure for Determining the Volumetric K Value
Figure 4-4. Illustration of a layered pavement structure
Figure 4-5. Simplified description of how deflection basins are matched in WESDEF
Figure 4-6. Predection of AC Modulus for Bituminous Layers
Figure 4-7. Limiting Horizontal Strain Criteria For An AC Layer in a Flexible Pavement
Figure 4-8. Limiting Vertical Subgrade Strain Criteria for Flexible Pavement Evaluation
Figure 4-9. Design Factor Versus Coverage For Rigid Pavement
Figure 4-10. Gear configurations for several typical aircraft with controlling wheels
Figure 4-11. Load reduction factors for load-transfer analyses
Figure 4-12. Typical WESPAV output
Chapter 5. Evaluation pf Flexible Pavement Using Direct Sampling
Selection of Strength Values For Soil Layers
Pass/Load Relationships
Quality of Bituminous Pavement
Effects of Traffic Compaction
Base Course and Subgrade.
Evaluations For Arid Regions
Table 5-1. Equivalency Factors for Army and Air Force Pavements
Figure 5-1. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for UH-60, Type A traffic area
Figure 5-2. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for UH-60, Types B and C traffic areas
Figure 5-3. Flexible pavement evaluation curves for CH-47, Type A traffic area
Figure 5-4. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for CH-47, Types B and C traffic areas
Figure 5-5. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for OV-1, Type A traffic area
Figure 5-6. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for OV-1, Types B and C traffic areas
Figure 5-7. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-12, Type A traffic area
Figure 5-8. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-12, Types B and C traffic areas
Figure 5-9. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-23 (Air Force Group Index 1), Type A traffic area
Figure 5-10. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-23 (Air Force Group Index 1)
Figure 5-11. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-15 (Air Force Group Index 2),
Figure 5-12. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-15 (Air Force Group Index 2)
Figure 5-13. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-111 (Air Force Group Index 3)
Figure 5-14. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-111 (Air Force Group Index 3)
Figure 5-15. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-130 (Air Force Group Index 4),
Figure 5-16. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-130 (Air Force Group Index 4)
Figure 5-17. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-9 (Air Force Group Index 5)
Figure 5-18. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-9 (Air Force Group Index 5),
Figure 5-19. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for T-43 (Air Force Group Index 6)
Figure 5-20. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for T-43 (Air Force Group Index 6)
Figure 5-21. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for B-727 (Air Force Group Index 7)
Figure 5-22. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for B-727 (Air Force Group Index 7)
Figure 5-23. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for E-3 (Air Force Group Index 8)
Figure 5-24. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for E-3 (Air Force Group Index 8)
Figure 5-25. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-141 (Air Force Group Index 9)
Figure 5-26. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-141 (Air Force Group Index 9)
Figure 5-27. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-17 (Air Force Group Index 10)
Figure 5-28. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-17 (Air Force Group Index 10)
Figure 5-29. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-5 (Air Force Group Index 11)
Figure 5-30. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-5 (Air Force Group Index 11)
Figure 5-31. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for KC-10 (Air Force Group Index 12)
Figure 5-32. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for KC-10 (Air Force Group Index 12)
Figure 5-33. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for E-4 (Air Force Group Index 13)
Figure 5-34. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for E-4 (Air Force Group Index 13)
Figure 5-35. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for B-52 (Air Force Group Index 14)
Figure 5-36. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for B-52 (Air Force Group Index 14)
Figure 5-37. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-14, primary traffic area
Figure 5-38. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-14, secondary traffic area
Figure 5-39. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for P-3, primary traffic area
Figure 5-40. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for P-3, secondary traffic area
Figure 5-41. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-130, primary traffic area
Figure 5-42. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-130, secondary traffic area
Figure 5-43. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-141, primary traffic area
Figure 5-44. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-141, secondary traffic area
Figure 5-45. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-5, primary traffic area
Figure 5-46. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-5, secondary traffic area
Figure 5-47. Comparison of field and laboratory densities and moisture contents
Chapter 6. Evaluation of Rigid Pavements Using Direct Sampling
Modulus of Soil Reaction, k .
Plain Concrete Pavements
Table 6-1. Suggested Es Values for Stabilized Layers (Use as a guide when values are not available.)
Table 6-1. Suggested Es Values for Stabilized Layers (Use as a guide when values are not available.) - Continued
Reinforced Concrete Pavement
Evaluation Example for Reinforced Concrete Pavement. Assume
Rigid Overlay On Rigid Pavement
Rigid Overlay On Rigid Pavement - Continued
Nonrigid Overlay On Rigid Pavements
Methods of Evaluation
Evaluation Example for Army and Air Force
Rigid Overlay Of Flexible Pavement
Composite Pavement
Pavement Classification Number
Figure 6-1. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, UH-60
Figure 6-2. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, CH-47
Figure 6-3. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluations, OV-1
Figure 6-4. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-12
Figure 6-5. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-23 (Air Force Group Index 1)
Figure 6-6. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, F-4 (Air Force Group Index 2)
Figure 6-7. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, F-111 (Air Force Group Index 3)
Figure 6-8. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-130 (Air Force Group Index 4)
Figure 6-9. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-9 (Air Force Group Index 5)
Figure 6-10. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, T-43 (Air Force Group Index 6)
Figure 6-11. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, B-727 (Air Force Group Index 7)
Figure 6-12. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, E-3 (Air Force Group Index 8)
Figure 6-13. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-141 (Air Force Group Index 9)
Figure 6-14. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-17 (Air Force Group Index 10)
Figure 6-15. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-5 (Air Force Group Index 11)
Figure 6-16. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, KC-10 (Air Force Group Index 12)
Figure 6-17. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, E-4 (Air Force Group Index 13)
Figure 6-18. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, B-52 (Air Force Group Index 14)
Figure 19. Design Factors For Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-20. Design Factors For Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-21. Design Factors For Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-22. Design Factors For Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-23. Design Factors For Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-24. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-25. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation F-111
Figure 6-26. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation C-130
Figure 6-27. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation C-9
Figure 6-28. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation T-43
Figure 6-29. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation B-727
Figure 6-30. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation E-3
Figure 6-31. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation C-141
Figure 6-32. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation C-17
Figure 6-33. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation C-5
Figure 6-34. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation KC-10
Figure 6-35. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation E-4
Figure 6-36. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation B-52
Figure 6-37. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation UH-60
Figure 6-38. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation CH-47
Figure 6-39. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation OV-1
Figure 6-40. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-12
Figure 6-41. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-23
Figure 6-42. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation F-4
Figure 6-43. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation F-111
Figure 6-44. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-130
Figure 6-45. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-9
Figure 6-46. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation T-43
Figure 6-47. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation B-727
Figure 6-48. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation E-3
Figure 6-49. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-141
Figure 6-50. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-17
Figure 6-51. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-5
Figure 6-52. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation KC-10
Figure 6-53. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation E-4
Figure 6-54. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation B-52
Figure 6-55. Rigid Pavement Evaluation Curves F-14
Figure 6-56. Rigid Pavement Evaluation Curves P-3
Figure 6-57. Rigid Pavement Evaluation Curves C-130
Figure 6-58. Rigid Pavement Evaluation Curves C-141
Figure 6-59. Rigid Pavement Evaluation Curves C-5
Figure 6-60. Equivalent thickness of reinforced concrete pavement
Figure 6-61. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay
Figure 6-62. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, Ch-47
Figure 6-63. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, Ov-1
Figure 6-64. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-12
Figure 6-65. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-23
Figure 6-66. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, F-4
Figure 6-67. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, F-111
Figure 6-68. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-130
Figure 6-69. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-9
Figure 6-70. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, T-43
Figure 6-71. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, B-727
Figure 6-72. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, E-3
Figure 6-73. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-141
Figure 6-74. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-17
Figure 6-75. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-5
Figure 6-76. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, KC-10
Figure 6-77. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, B-707
Figure 6-78. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, B-52
Figure 6-79. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, F-14
Figure 6-80. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, P-3
Figure 6-81. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For UH-60, CH-47, OV-1
Figure 6-82. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For UH-60, CH-47, OV-1
Figure 6-83. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 1, 2,
Figure 6-84. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 1, 2,
Figure 6-85. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 4, 5, 6,
Figure 6-86. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 4, 5, 6,
Figure 6-87. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 8 and 9,
Figure 6-88. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 8 and 9,
Figure 6-89. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 10 11, 12, 13
Figure 6-90. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 10, 11, 12, 13
Chapter 7. Pavement Evaluations For Frost Conditions
Frost Effects
Critical Weakening Period
Pavement Evaluation-General
Determine Frost Susceptibility of Base
Table 7-1. Frost Susceptibility Soil Classification
Table 7-2. Values for Different Water Content Ratios
Table 7-3. FASSI Values for Various Frost Susceptibility Soils
Table 7-4. Modulus Reduction Factors for use in Seasonal Frost Areas
Table 7-5. Length of End-of-Winter Thaw-Weakened Period for Evaluation Purposes
Evaluate for Reduced Subgrade Strength. - ufc_3_260_030239
Evaluate for Reduced Subgrade Strength. - ufc_3_260_030240
Evaluate for Limited Subgrade Frost Penetration.
Evaluate for Reduced Subgrade Strength. - ufc_3_260_030242
Figure 7-1. Illustration of thaw-weakening period
Figure 7-2. Distribution of design air freezing indices in North America
Figure 7-3. Distribution of Mean air freezing indices in Northern Eurasia
Figure 7-4. Pavement evaluation in frost areas
Figure 7-5. Estimation of combined base for limited subgrade frost penetration
Figure 7-6. Determination of FAIR values
Chapter 8. Reporting Allowable Weight Bearing Using The ACN/PCN Procedure
Tire Pressure Limitation
Evaluation Method
Figure 8-1. PCN curves for UH-60
Figure 8-2. PCN curves for CH-47
Figure 8-3. PCN curves for OV-1
Figure 8-4. PCN curves for C-12
Figure 8-5. PCN curves for C-130
Figure 8-6. PCN curves for C-141
Figure 8-7. PCN curves for C-5
Figure 8-8. PCN curves for F-14
Figure 8-9. PCN curves for P-3
Figure 8-10. PCN curves for C-17
Figure 8-11. PCN curves for all Air Force pavements
Chapter 9. Computer Programs For Pavement Evaluation
Appendix B: Sampling and Testing Methods
Soils Sampling
Moisture-Density-CBR Relations
Splitting Tensile Strenght Tests
Appendix C: How to Install Evaluation Computer Programs
Chapter 1. Introduction - ufc_3_260_030012
Chapter 1. Introduction cont. - ufc_3_260_030013
Chapter 2. Evaluation Concepts
Evaluation Procedure
Site Data
Operational Considerations.
Table 2-1. Air force Aircraft Group Index
Table 2-2. Characteristics Of Controlling Aircraft Landing Gear Assembly
Table 2-3. Navy Aircraft Groups
Evaluation Testing Methods
Table 2-4. Pass Levels for Air Force Evaluation and Frost or Nonfrost Conditions
Summary Of Army Evaluation Requirements
Table 2-5. ACN Values for Aircraft Types And Four Load Configurations ( Peace Time )
Summary Of Air Force Evaluation Requirements.
Emergency Construction Evaluation.
Chapter 3. Data Collection
Collection Of NDT Data
Testing - ufc_3_260_030029
Data Collection Using Direct Sampling
In-Place Tests for Rigid Pavements.
In-place Tests for Flexible Pavements.
In-place Tests for Flexible Pavements. - Continued
Samples
Laboratory Tests Required
Rigid Pavement Base Course and Subgrade
Figure 3-1. Typical Airfield Layout Showing Recommended NDT Testing Frequencies
Figure 3-2. NDT Equipment Configuration forJoint Load- Transfer Measurements
Figure 3-3. Prediction Of Pavement Temperature for Bituminous Layers
Figure 3-4. Relationship Between Design Pavement Temperature And Design Air Temperature.
Figure 3-5. General relationship between CBR and modulus of subgrade or base-course reaction
Figure 3-6. Curves for determining the effective k value
Chapter 4. Pavement Evaluation Using Nondestructive Testing
Step 2 ( Select Representative Deflection Sections)
Step 3 (Predict Layer Modulus Values)
Default Ranges And Initial Estimates for the Modulus And Poisson's Ratio Of Pavement Materials Are Recommended In Table 4-1.
It is Important to check The Predicted Modulus for Each LayerAnd Determine If Any Of the Predicted Modulus Is Against the Limits.If the Modulus Is OutsideA Limit, Engineering Judgment Is Required to Select One of the Following :
The following Guidelines May Be Helful In determining Layer Modulus
Step 5. (Compute Allowable Aircraft Loads Allowable Passes
Table 4-2. Aircraft Peace-Time Maximum Take-Off and Design Maximum Landing Weight
Table 4-2. Aircraft Peace-Time Maximum Take-Off and Design Maximum Landing Weight - Continued - ufc_3_260_030051
Table 4-2. Aircraft Peace-Time Maximum Take-Off and Design Maximum Landing Weight - Continued - ufc_3_260_030052
Table 4-2. Aircraft Peace-Time Maximum Take-Off and Design Maximum Landing Weight - Continued - ufc_3_260_030053
Limiting Stresses and Strains
Maximum Stresses and Strains.
Interpretation of WESPAVE Output
Figure 4-1. Typical Army Airfield Layout Showing Feature Identification
Figure 4-2. Determination of Are Beneath Deflection Basin
Figure 4-3. Procedure for Determining the Volumetric K Value
Figure 4-4. Illustration of a layered pavement structure
Figure 4-5. Simplified description of how deflection basins are matched in WESDEF
Figure 4-6. Predection of AC Modulus for Bituminous Layers
Figure 4-7. Limiting Horizontal Strain Criteria For An AC Layer in a Flexible Pavement
Figure 4-8. Limiting Vertical Subgrade Strain Criteria for Flexible Pavement Evaluation
Figure 4-9. Design Factor Versus Coverage For Rigid Pavement
Figure 4-10. Gear configurations for several typical aircraft with controlling wheels
Figure 4-11. Load reduction factors for load-transfer analyses
Figure 4-12. Typical WESPAV output
Chapter 5. Evaluation pf Flexible Pavement Using Direct Sampling
Selection of Strength Values For Soil Layers
Pass/Load Relationships
Quality of Bituminous Pavement
Effects of Traffic Compaction
Base Course and Subgrade.
Evaluations For Arid Regions
Table 5-1. Equivalency Factors for Army and Air Force Pavements
Figure 5-1. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for UH-60, Type A traffic area
Figure 5-2. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for UH-60, Types B and C traffic areas
Figure 5-3. Flexible pavement evaluation curves for CH-47, Type A traffic area
Figure 5-4. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for CH-47, Types B and C traffic areas
Figure 5-5. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for OV-1, Type A traffic area
Figure 5-6. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for OV-1, Types B and C traffic areas
Figure 5-7. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-12, Type A traffic area
Figure 5-8. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-12, Types B and C traffic areas
Figure 5-9. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-23 (Air Force Group Index 1), Type A traffic area
Figure 5-10. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-23 (Air Force Group Index 1)
Figure 5-11. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-15 (Air Force Group Index 2),
Figure 5-12. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-15 (Air Force Group Index 2)
Figure 5-13. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-111 (Air Force Group Index 3)
Figure 5-14. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-111 (Air Force Group Index 3)
Figure 5-15. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-130 (Air Force Group Index 4),
Figure 5-16. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-130 (Air Force Group Index 4)
Figure 5-17. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-9 (Air Force Group Index 5)
Figure 5-18. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-9 (Air Force Group Index 5),
Figure 5-19. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for T-43 (Air Force Group Index 6)
Figure 5-20. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for T-43 (Air Force Group Index 6)
Figure 5-21. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for B-727 (Air Force Group Index 7)
Figure 5-22. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for B-727 (Air Force Group Index 7)
Figure 5-23. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for E-3 (Air Force Group Index 8)
Figure 5-24. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for E-3 (Air Force Group Index 8)
Figure 5-25. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-141 (Air Force Group Index 9)
Figure 5-26. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-141 (Air Force Group Index 9)
Figure 5-27. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-17 (Air Force Group Index 10)
Figure 5-28. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-17 (Air Force Group Index 10)
Figure 5-29. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-5 (Air Force Group Index 11)
Figure 5-30. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-5 (Air Force Group Index 11)
Figure 5-31. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for KC-10 (Air Force Group Index 12)
Figure 5-32. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for KC-10 (Air Force Group Index 12)
Figure 5-33. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for E-4 (Air Force Group Index 13)
Figure 5-34. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for E-4 (Air Force Group Index 13)
Figure 5-35. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for B-52 (Air Force Group Index 14)
Figure 5-36. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for B-52 (Air Force Group Index 14)
Figure 5-37. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-14, primary traffic area
Figure 5-38. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for F-14, secondary traffic area
Figure 5-39. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for P-3, primary traffic area
Figure 5-40. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for P-3, secondary traffic area
Figure 5-41. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-130, primary traffic area
Figure 5-42. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-130, secondary traffic area
Figure 5-43. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-141, primary traffic area
Figure 5-44. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-141, secondary traffic area
Figure 5-45. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-5, primary traffic area
Figure 5-46. Flexible pavement evaluation curve for C-5, secondary traffic area
Figure 5-47. Comparison of field and laboratory densities and moisture contents
Chapter 6. Evaluation of Rigid Pavements Using Direct Sampling
Modulus of Soil Reaction, k .
Plain Concrete Pavements
Table 6-1. Suggested Es Values for Stabilized Layers (Use as a guide when values are not available.)
Table 6-1. Suggested Es Values for Stabilized Layers (Use as a guide when values are not available.) - Continued
Reinforced Concrete Pavement
Evaluation Example for Reinforced Concrete Pavement. Assume
Rigid Overlay On Rigid Pavement
Rigid Overlay On Rigid Pavement - Continued
Nonrigid Overlay On Rigid Pavements
Methods of Evaluation
Evaluation Example for Army and Air Force
Rigid Overlay Of Flexible Pavement
Composite Pavement
Pavement Classification Number
Figure 6-1. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, UH-60
Figure 6-2. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, CH-47
Figure 6-3. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluations, OV-1
Figure 6-4. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-12
Figure 6-5. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-23 (Air Force Group Index 1)
Figure 6-6. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, F-4 (Air Force Group Index 2)
Figure 6-7. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, F-111 (Air Force Group Index 3)
Figure 6-8. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-130 (Air Force Group Index 4)
Figure 6-9. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-9 (Air Force Group Index 5)
Figure 6-10. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, T-43 (Air Force Group Index 6)
Figure 6-11. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, B-727 (Air Force Group Index 7)
Figure 6-12. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, E-3 (Air Force Group Index 8)
Figure 6-13. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-141 (Air Force Group Index 9)
Figure 6-14. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-17 (Air Force Group Index 10)
Figure 6-15. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, C-5 (Air Force Group Index 11)
Figure 6-16. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, KC-10 (Air Force Group Index 12)
Figure 6-17. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, E-4 (Air Force Group Index 13)
Figure 6-18. Load factor curves for rigid pavement evaluation, B-52 (Air Force Group Index 14)
Figure 19. Design Factors For Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-20. Design Factors For Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-21. Design Factors For Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-22. Design Factors For Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-23. Design Factors For Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-24. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation
Figure 6-25. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation F-111
Figure 6-26. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation C-130
Figure 6-27. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation C-9
Figure 6-28. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation T-43
Figure 6-29. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation B-727
Figure 6-30. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation E-3
Figure 6-31. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation C-141
Figure 6-32. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation C-17
Figure 6-33. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation C-5
Figure 6-34. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation KC-10
Figure 6-35. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation E-4
Figure 6-36. Design Factors for Standard Evaluation B-52
Figure 6-37. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation UH-60
Figure 6-38. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation CH-47
Figure 6-39. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation OV-1
Figure 6-40. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-12
Figure 6-41. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-23
Figure 6-42. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation F-4
Figure 6-43. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation F-111
Figure 6-44. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-130
Figure 6-45. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-9
Figure 6-46. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation T-43
Figure 6-47. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation B-727
Figure 6-48. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation E-3
Figure 6-49. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-141
Figure 6-50. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-17
Figure 6-51. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation C-5
Figure 6-52. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation KC-10
Figure 6-53. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation E-4
Figure 6-54. Design Factors for Extended Life Evaluation B-52
Figure 6-55. Rigid Pavement Evaluation Curves F-14
Figure 6-56. Rigid Pavement Evaluation Curves P-3
Figure 6-57. Rigid Pavement Evaluation Curves C-130
Figure 6-58. Rigid Pavement Evaluation Curves C-141
Figure 6-59. Rigid Pavement Evaluation Curves C-5
Figure 6-60. Equivalent thickness of reinforced concrete pavement
Figure 6-61. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay
Figure 6-62. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, Ch-47
Figure 6-63. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, Ov-1
Figure 6-64. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-12
Figure 6-65. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-23
Figure 6-66. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, F-4
Figure 6-67. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, F-111
Figure 6-68. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-130
Figure 6-69. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-9
Figure 6-70. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, T-43
Figure 6-71. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, B-727
Figure 6-72. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, E-3
Figure 6-73. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-141
Figure 6-74. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-17
Figure 6-75. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, C-5
Figure 6-76. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, KC-10
Figure 6-77. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, B-707
Figure 6-78. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, B-52
Figure 6-79. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, F-14
Figure 6-80. Factor for Determining Equivalent Thickness of Nonrigid Overlay, P-3
Figure 6-81. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For UH-60, CH-47, OV-1
Figure 6-82. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For UH-60, CH-47, OV-1
Figure 6-83. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 1, 2,
Figure 6-84. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 1, 2,
Figure 6-85. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 4, 5, 6,
Figure 6-86. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 4, 5, 6,
Figure 6-87. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 8 and 9,
Figure 6-88. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 8 and 9,
Figure 6-89. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 10 11, 12, 13
Figure 6-90. Fibrous Concrete Design Factors For Air Force Group Indices 10, 11, 12, 13
Chapter 7. Pavement Evaluations For Frost Conditions
Frost Effects
Critical Weakening Period
Pavement Evaluation-General
Determine Frost Susceptibility of Base
Table 7-1. Frost Susceptibility Soil Classification
Table 7-2. Values for Different Water Content Ratios
Table 7-3. FASSI Values for Various Frost Susceptibility Soils
Table 7-4. Modulus Reduction Factors for use in Seasonal Frost Areas
Table 7-5. Length of End-of-Winter Thaw-Weakened Period for Evaluation Purposes
Evaluate for Reduced Subgrade Strength. - ufc_3_260_030239
Evaluate for Reduced Subgrade Strength. - ufc_3_260_030240
Evaluate for Limited Subgrade Frost Penetration.
Evaluate for Reduced Subgrade Strength. - ufc_3_260_030242
Figure 7-1. Illustration of thaw-weakening period
Figure 7-2. Distribution of design air freezing indices in North America
Figure 7-3. Distribution of Mean air freezing indices in Northern Eurasia
Figure 7-4. Pavement evaluation in frost areas
Figure 7-5. Estimation of combined base for limited subgrade frost penetration
Figure 7-6. Determination of FAIR values
Chapter 8. Reporting Allowable Weight Bearing Using The ACN/PCN Procedure
Tire Pressure Limitation
Evaluation Method
Figure 8-1. PCN curves for UH-60
Figure 8-2. PCN curves for CH-47
Figure 8-3. PCN curves for OV-1
Figure 8-4. PCN curves for C-12
Figure 8-5. PCN curves for C-130
Figure 8-6. PCN curves for C-141
Figure 8-7. PCN curves for C-5
Figure 8-8. PCN curves for F-14
Figure 8-9. PCN curves for P-3
Figure 8-10. PCN curves for C-17
Figure 8-11. PCN curves for all Air Force pavements
Chapter 9. Computer Programs For Pavement Evaluation
Appendix B: Sampling and Testing Methods
Soils Sampling
Moisture-Density-CBR Relations
Splitting Tensile Strenght Tests
Appendix C: How to Install Evaluation Computer Programs
