Standard Practice Manual for Flexible Pavements - index
Chapter 1 Introduction - ufc_3_250_030008
Chapter 2 Hot-Mix Asphalt
Table 2-1 Aggregate Gradations for Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavements
Batch plant
Drum mixer
Asphalt spreader (Paver)
Materials - ufc_3_250_030014
Table 2-2 Specification References for Asphalt Materials
Cold region requirements
Table 2-4 Minimum PVN Selection Criteria for Asphalt Cements in Cold Region Use
Analysis and asphalt selection
SHRP performance grading (PG) of asphalt cements
Use of performance graded binders on airfields
Aggregates - ufc_3_250_030021
Aggregates - Cont'd
Mineral fillers
Dense-Graded Hot-Mix Asphalt
List of all modifiers and amount
Table 2-5 Traffic Type and Gyratory Compaction Requirements
Table 2-6 Computation of Properties of Asphalt Mixtures
Table 2-6 Computation of Properties of Asphalt Mixtures - Cont'd
Optimum asphalt and design test properties
Table 2-7 Design Criteria
Table 2-7 Design Criteria - Cont'd
Table 2-8 Computation of Optimum Asphalt Content1
Mixture control
Mixture control - Cont'd - ufc_3_250_030034
Mixture control - Cont'd - ufc_3_250_030035
Table 2-10 Lot Density as a Percent of Laboratory Density
Hot-bin gradations
Porous Friction Course
Mixture design - ufc_3_250_030039
Stone Matrix Asphalt
Table 2-12 SMA Gradation Guideline (After NAPA 1994)
Table 2-13 Recommended SMA Coarse and Fine Aggregate Properties (After NAPA 1994)
Table 2-14 Properties of Cellulose Fibers (After NAPA 1994)
Table 2-15 Properties of Mineral Fibers1 (After NAPA 1994)
Laboratory sample preparation
Procedure - ufc_3_250_030046
Mixing Plants
Test Section
Figure 2-1 Batch plant
Figure 2-3 Pen-vis nunbers of asphalt cement
Figure 2-4 Pavement temperature as a function of design air freezing index
Figure 2-5 Gradation Curves for Stockpiles Samples
Figure 2-6 Gradation Curves for Bin Samples
Figure 2-7 Asphalt paving mix design for typical mix
Figure 2-8 Mat density control chart
Figure 2-9 Types of hot-mix asphalt deficiencies and probable causes
Figure 2-10 Types of hot-mix asphalt pavement imperfections and probable causes
Figure 2-11 Wire basket assembly
Chapter 3 Spray Applications
Table 3-1 Prime Coat Materials
Tack Coat - ufc_3_250_030061
Table 3-2 Tack Coat Materials and Spray Application Temperatures
Fog Seals
Rejuvenation
Chapter 4 Surface Treatments
Table 4-1 Surface Treatment Asphalt Materials
Table 4-2 Gradations for SBST
Construction - ufc_3_250_030068
Slurry Seal
Table 4-4 Slurry Seal Aggregate Gradations
Factors affecting design
Fuel-Resistant Sealer
Table 4-5 Fuel Resistant Sealer Minimum Application Rates and Corresponding Aggregate Gradations
Table 4-6 Physical Properties of Sealer Mixtures
Micro-Surfacing
Table 4-7 Gradation Types for Micro-Surfacing
Mix characteristics
Marshall procedure (modified CRD-C 649 or ASTM D1559)
Surface preparation - ufc_3_250_030079
Figure 4-1 Classification of mix systems by cohesion test curves
Figure 4-2 Mineral filler content optimization "Benedict Curve"
Figure 4-3 Determination of optimum asphalt content
Chapter 5 Asphalt Stabilization
Design - ufc_3_250_030084
Chapter 6 Miscellaneous Mixtures
Penetration Macadam
Table 6-1 Gradation for 50 millimeter- (2-inch)- Thick Macadam Wearing Course
Table 6-3 Application Rates for 50-millimeter- (2-inch)- Thick Course
Plant-Mix Cold-Laid Asphalt Pavements
Table 6-5 Aggregate Gradations for Plant-Mix Cold-Laid Asphalt Pavements
Table 6-6 Selection of Asphalt
Table 6-7 Selection of Optimum Asphalt Content
Table 6-8 Mixing Temperatures for Asphalt Materials
Asphalt Road Mix
Chapter 7 Recyling
Table 7-1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Recycling
Table 7-2 method of Repair Guide for Asphalt Pavement Rehabilitation
Table 7-2 method of Repair Guide for Asphalt Pavement Rehabilitation - Cont'd
Surface Recycling
Single-pass method
Table 7-3 Hot In-Place Recycling Method Sequence
Multiple-pass method
Application of rejuvenators
Cold milling
Recycled Cold-Mix Asphalt
Mix design - ufc_3_250_030106
Construction - ufc_3_250_030107
Recycled Hot-Mix Asphalt
Virgin aggregates
Mixture design - ufc_3_250_030110
Production of recycling hot-mix
Placement of recycled hot mix
Figure 7-1 Surface recycling flow chart
Figure 7-2 Cold-mix recycling flow process
Figure 7-3 Hot recycling process
Chapter 8 Resin Modified Pavement (RMP)
Table 8-1 Aggregate Physical Properties
Mixture Design - ufc_3_250_030118
Table 8-4 Resin Modified Cement Slurry Grout Mixture Proportions
Table 8-5 Slurry Grout Viscosity
Placement - ufc_3_250_030121
After grouting
Appendix B Examples of Cold-Mix and Hot-Mix Recycling Problems
Table B-1 Determination of Optimum Asphalt Content
Table B-3 Gradation of Recycled Mixture
Table B-4 Asphalt Mixture Properties at Optimum Asphalt Content
Figure B-1 Recycled cold-mix design using asphalt emulsion
Figure B-2 Determination of optimum moisture for cold-mix design
Figure B-3 Recycled hot-mix asphalt mix design for recycled hot mix; AC-2.5 asphalt cement and 0.5 percent recycling agent
Figure B-4 Recycled hot-mix asphalt mix design for recycled hot mix; AC-2.5 asphalt cement with no recycling agent
Appendix C Summary of Design Method for Slurry Seals
Table C-1 Factors Used in Calculating Surface Area of Slurry Seal Aggregate
Cone Test
Aggregate absorption requirements
Glossary of Special Terms
Glossary of Special Terms - Cont'd - ufc_3_250_030141
Glossary of Special Terms - Cont'd - ufc_3_250_030142
Chapter 1 Introduction - ufc_3_250_030008
Chapter 2 Hot-Mix Asphalt
Table 2-1 Aggregate Gradations for Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Pavements
Batch plant
Drum mixer
Asphalt spreader (Paver)
Materials - ufc_3_250_030014
Table 2-2 Specification References for Asphalt Materials
Cold region requirements
Table 2-4 Minimum PVN Selection Criteria for Asphalt Cements in Cold Region Use
Analysis and asphalt selection
SHRP performance grading (PG) of asphalt cements
Use of performance graded binders on airfields
Aggregates - ufc_3_250_030021
Aggregates - Cont'd
Mineral fillers
Dense-Graded Hot-Mix Asphalt
List of all modifiers and amount
Table 2-5 Traffic Type and Gyratory Compaction Requirements
Table 2-6 Computation of Properties of Asphalt Mixtures
Table 2-6 Computation of Properties of Asphalt Mixtures - Cont'd
Optimum asphalt and design test properties
Table 2-7 Design Criteria
Table 2-7 Design Criteria - Cont'd
Table 2-8 Computation of Optimum Asphalt Content1
Mixture control
Mixture control - Cont'd - ufc_3_250_030034
Mixture control - Cont'd - ufc_3_250_030035
Table 2-10 Lot Density as a Percent of Laboratory Density
Hot-bin gradations
Porous Friction Course
Mixture design - ufc_3_250_030039
Stone Matrix Asphalt
Table 2-12 SMA Gradation Guideline (After NAPA 1994)
Table 2-13 Recommended SMA Coarse and Fine Aggregate Properties (After NAPA 1994)
Table 2-14 Properties of Cellulose Fibers (After NAPA 1994)
Table 2-15 Properties of Mineral Fibers1 (After NAPA 1994)
Laboratory sample preparation
Procedure - ufc_3_250_030046
Mixing Plants
Test Section
Figure 2-1 Batch plant
Figure 2-3 Pen-vis nunbers of asphalt cement
Figure 2-4 Pavement temperature as a function of design air freezing index
Figure 2-5 Gradation Curves for Stockpiles Samples
Figure 2-6 Gradation Curves for Bin Samples
Figure 2-7 Asphalt paving mix design for typical mix
Figure 2-8 Mat density control chart
Figure 2-9 Types of hot-mix asphalt deficiencies and probable causes
Figure 2-10 Types of hot-mix asphalt pavement imperfections and probable causes
Figure 2-11 Wire basket assembly
Chapter 3 Spray Applications
Table 3-1 Prime Coat Materials
Tack Coat - ufc_3_250_030061
Table 3-2 Tack Coat Materials and Spray Application Temperatures
Fog Seals
Rejuvenation
Chapter 4 Surface Treatments
Table 4-1 Surface Treatment Asphalt Materials
Table 4-2 Gradations for SBST
Construction - ufc_3_250_030068
Slurry Seal
Table 4-4 Slurry Seal Aggregate Gradations
Factors affecting design
Fuel-Resistant Sealer
Table 4-5 Fuel Resistant Sealer Minimum Application Rates and Corresponding Aggregate Gradations
Table 4-6 Physical Properties of Sealer Mixtures
Micro-Surfacing
Table 4-7 Gradation Types for Micro-Surfacing
Mix characteristics
Marshall procedure (modified CRD-C 649 or ASTM D1559)
Surface preparation - ufc_3_250_030079
Figure 4-1 Classification of mix systems by cohesion test curves
Figure 4-2 Mineral filler content optimization "Benedict Curve"
Figure 4-3 Determination of optimum asphalt content
Chapter 5 Asphalt Stabilization
Design - ufc_3_250_030084
Chapter 6 Miscellaneous Mixtures
Penetration Macadam
Table 6-1 Gradation for 50 millimeter- (2-inch)- Thick Macadam Wearing Course
Table 6-3 Application Rates for 50-millimeter- (2-inch)- Thick Course
Plant-Mix Cold-Laid Asphalt Pavements
Table 6-5 Aggregate Gradations for Plant-Mix Cold-Laid Asphalt Pavements
Table 6-6 Selection of Asphalt
Table 6-7 Selection of Optimum Asphalt Content
Table 6-8 Mixing Temperatures for Asphalt Materials
Asphalt Road Mix
Chapter 7 Recyling
Table 7-1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Recycling
Table 7-2 method of Repair Guide for Asphalt Pavement Rehabilitation
Table 7-2 method of Repair Guide for Asphalt Pavement Rehabilitation - Cont'd
Surface Recycling
Single-pass method
Table 7-3 Hot In-Place Recycling Method Sequence
Multiple-pass method
Application of rejuvenators
Cold milling
Recycled Cold-Mix Asphalt
Mix design - ufc_3_250_030106
Construction - ufc_3_250_030107
Recycled Hot-Mix Asphalt
Virgin aggregates
Mixture design - ufc_3_250_030110
Production of recycling hot-mix
Placement of recycled hot mix
Figure 7-1 Surface recycling flow chart
Figure 7-2 Cold-mix recycling flow process
Figure 7-3 Hot recycling process
Chapter 8 Resin Modified Pavement (RMP)
Table 8-1 Aggregate Physical Properties
Mixture Design - ufc_3_250_030118
Table 8-4 Resin Modified Cement Slurry Grout Mixture Proportions
Table 8-5 Slurry Grout Viscosity
Placement - ufc_3_250_030121
After grouting
Appendix B Examples of Cold-Mix and Hot-Mix Recycling Problems
Table B-1 Determination of Optimum Asphalt Content
Table B-3 Gradation of Recycled Mixture
Table B-4 Asphalt Mixture Properties at Optimum Asphalt Content
Figure B-1 Recycled cold-mix design using asphalt emulsion
Figure B-2 Determination of optimum moisture for cold-mix design
Figure B-3 Recycled hot-mix asphalt mix design for recycled hot mix; AC-2.5 asphalt cement and 0.5 percent recycling agent
Figure B-4 Recycled hot-mix asphalt mix design for recycled hot mix; AC-2.5 asphalt cement with no recycling agent
Appendix C Summary of Design Method for Slurry Seals
Table C-1 Factors Used in Calculating Surface Area of Slurry Seal Aggregate
Cone Test
Aggregate absorption requirements
Glossary of Special Terms
Glossary of Special Terms - Cont'd - ufc_3_250_030141
Glossary of Special Terms - Cont'd - ufc_3_250_030142
