MIL-HDBK-1005/16
Centrifugal pumps are especially prone to emulsify oil.
Conventional methods of measuring oil and grease do not
differentiate free, emulsified, and dissolved oil. A method to
provide this differentiation is described in American Petroleum
Institute (API) Publication 421, Design and Operation of Oil-
Water Separators.
5.3
Basis for Considering Oil/Water Separators. Primarily,
oil/water separation is implemented at military installations to
comply with the Federal, state and local requirements and to
minimize the impacts of oils and greases on the collection system
and downstream treatment systems. These considerations are
further discussed below.
5.3.1
Regulatory Compliance. Regulations which may require
the use of OWSs are primarily associated with PL-100-4, Water
Quality Act of 1987. Discharge of wastewaters to waters of the
United States is regulated under 40 CFR Section 402 NPDES permit
regulations, 40 CFR Section 403 Oily Wastewater Discharges to
Sewers Under General Pretreatment Regulations, and Stormwater
Permit Requirements under 40 CFR Section 122.26. These
regulations are enforced by Federal, state, or local regulatory
authority. Military services also enforce these regulations for
oily waste being discharged to Federally owned treatment works
governed under the Federal Facility Compliance Act.
Discharges of oily waste from fuel storage areas must
be permitted under the NPDES program. The installation should
implement pollution prevention measures and best management
practices to minimize or eliminate oily waste contact and
discharge from diked areas at the fuel storage area which will
eliminate the need for oil/water separation. Spill Prevention
Control and Countermeasures Requirements, 40 CFR 112.7, is for
emergency spill control actions and should be considered separate
from routine operations. However, provisions of the General
Pretreatment Regulations applicable to oily waste discharges to
sewerage systems are found in Section 403.5(b). These provisions
prohibit discharge of the following:
a)
Any pollutants which cause interference or pass
through treatment works
b) Pollutants which create a fire or explosive hazard
in the sewerage system
c) Petroleum oil, nonbiodegradable cutting oil, or
products of mineral oil origin, in amounts that will cause
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