TM 5-820-3/AFM 88-5, Chap. 3
a. Drains, culverts, and other utilities under
2-6. Frost condition considerations.
pavements on frost-susceptible subgrades are fre-
The detrimental effects of heaving of frost-suscep-
quently locations of detrimental differential surface
tible soils around and under storm drains and
heaving. Heaving causes pavement distress and loss
culverts are principal considerations in the design
of smoothness because of abrupt differences in the
of drainage systems in seasonal frost areas. In such
rate and magnitude of heave of the frozen
areas, freezing of water within the drainage system,
materials. Heaving of frost-susceptible soils under
except icing at inlets, is of secondary importance
drains and culverts can also result in pipe
provided the hydraulic design assures minimum
displacement with consequent loss of alignment,
velocity flow.
joint failures, and in extreme cases, pipe breakage.
2-9
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