TM 5-814-8
Table 3-8. Characteristics of phenolic aircraft
(6) Photographic laboratory wastes. Most
paint-stripping waste water
military bases have one or more photographic
(mg/L unless noted otherwise)
laboratories on site. Photographic wastes nor-
Parameter
Concentration
mally represent a very small fraction of a facility
Phenols
1,000-3,000
waste load. However, separate treatment of pho-
Methylene Chloride
1,000-3,000
tographic wastes is sometimes required to remove
COD
5,000-30,000
toxic materials or to recover silver.
50-200
Suspended Solids
100-1,000
(a) There are a number of different types of
Oils
100-2,000
photochemical processes and each results in a
pH (units)
8.5-8.5
different type of wastewater. Color processes
(3) Wastes from machine shops. The machin-
produce more pollutants than black and white
ing of metal parts for aircraft, ground vehicles,
processes. Photographic wastes are a combination
and large guns is an operation where the major
of spent process chemicals and washwater. Some
spent process chemicals, notably fixing agents,
water flows are used for cooling purposes. How-
are often treated separately for silver recovery.
ever, there are large amounts of both lubricating
The three most common types of silver recovery
and cooling oils which eventually must be wasted.
processes are: metal replacement, electrodeposi-
This operation is often incorporated in a large
tion, and precipitation. Metal replacement in-
equipment rebuilding and maintenance depot but
volves passing the wastewater through a fine
may be present in tactical posts. The major
steel wool screen. The iron in the steel wool
pollutants are soluble, emulsified, and free oils;
replaces the silver in solution resulting in a
and metal ions, shavings, and flakes.
settled silver-rich sludge. Electrodeposition in-
(4) Wastes from vehicle mechanical mainte-
volves plating nearly pure silver on the cathode
nance. Engine maintenance on military installa-
of an electrolytic cell. Precipitation of silver is
tions can result in a number of wastewater flows.
usually achieved by the addition of chlorine and
Waste sources from engine maintenance areas in-
sulfide to form insoluble silver chloride or sulfide.
clude: steam cleaning condensate, spilled hydrau-
(b) The other constituents of a typical com-
lic, engine and transmission oils, battery mainte-
bined photographic wastewater are listed in table
nance, radiator cleaning, and fuel tank cleaning.
3-10. This analysis represents the combined pro-
A major source of contamination from mainte-
cess chemical and wash wastewaters. The toxic
nance shops is solvents, especially petroleum
chemicals of concern include silver, chromium,
distillates.
cyanide, and boron.
(5) Laundry wastes. Most military installa-
Table 3-10. Analysis of photographic processing
tions have a large central laundry facility to clean
waste water discharge
uniforms and work clothes. Wastewaters from
Constituent
Concentration
laundries vary in composition due to the type of
(mg/L)
laundry operation, the type of detergents used,
COD
2,234
5,942
Dissolved Solids
the use of dyes, and the condition of the clothing
70
Suspended Solids
being laundered. Table 3-9 lists typical laundry
22
Oils and Grease
waste characteristics. T M 5-842-2 indicates
13
Surfactants (as LAS)
wastewater flows and characteristics will vary
0
Phenols
48
Nitrates
depending on the type of laundering operations
380
Phosphates
used, the type of detergents used and the condi-
1,100
Nitrates
tion of the incoming laundry.
260
Sulfates
6.70
Cyanides
Table 3-9. Typical laundry waste characteristics
1.96
Silver
(mg/L unless noted otherwise)
0.20
Iron
Parameter
Maximum Average
Minimum
0.08
zinc
0.05
Copper
11
8
5.1
pH (units)
0.05
140
100
50
Temperature (degrees F)
0.05
3,810
45
700
BOD
0.05
Lead
1,410
150
800
Grease and Oil
0.01
Cadmium
3,310
120
1,700
Total Solids
160
15
784
Suspended Solids
(c) Silver ion is highly toxic to aquatic
126
55
3
Detergents (as ABS)
organisms. However, s i l v e r i n ph o t o g r a p h i c
150
430
1
Phosphates
--
--
3
Free Ammonia
wastes is largely precipitated as silver chloride or
3-14
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