TM 5-813-9
SYMBOLS
DEFINITIONS
a
Speed of shock wave (ft/sec)
H
Static head (ft)
L
Length of watermain (pipe) (ft)
V
Normal velocity in pipe (ft/sec)
)H
Surge head rise (ft)
)V
Change in water velocity (ft/sec)
g
)H + H
Total head of surge wave (surge head + static
head)
N
Number of critical intervals (N + 1 for
instantaneous closure)
NOTE:
H is for head
t is for time
V is velocity of flow
x is distance
a is acoustic velocity
F and f are functions representing the direct wave reflected wave
respectively
Figure 4-5. Example Water Hammer Potential Calculation--continued
4-7
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