Table 8-7.1 Stabilization of Soils for the Foundations of Structures
Method
Principle
Most
Maximum
Economical
Special
Special
Properties
Special
Relative
Suitable
Effective
Size of
Materials
Equipment
of Treated
Advantages
Costs
Soil
Treatment
Treated
Required
Required
Materials
and
(1976)
Condition/
Depth
Area
Limitations
Type
(feet)
Particulate
Penetration
Medium to
Unlimited
Small
Grout,
Mirrors,
Impervious,
Low cost
Lowest of
Grouting
grouting; fill
coarse
water
tanks,
high strength
grouts, high
the grout
soil pores
sand and
pumps,
with cement
strength:
systems
w/ cement
gravel
hoses
grout;
limited to
and/or clay
eliminates
coarse
liquefacation
grained soils
danger
hard to
evaluate
Chemical
Solutions
Medium
Unlimited
Small
Grout,
Mirrors,
Impervious,
Low
High to
grouting
of two or
silts and
water
tanks,
low to high
viscosity,
very high
/m2-
more
coarser
pumps,
strength;
controllable
/m2
chemicals
hoses
eliminate
gel time,
typical
react in soil
liquefaction
good water
pores to
danger
shut-off;
form a gel
high cost,
or a solid
hard to
precipitate
evaluate
Pressure
Lime slurry
Expansive
Unlimited;
Small
Lime,
Slurry
Lime
Rapid and
.50-
Injected Lime
injected to
clays
but 2-3 m
water,
tanks,
encapsulated
economical
.00/m
shallow
usual
surfactant
agitators,
zones
treatment for
of ground
depths
injectors
formed by
foundation
surface
under high
chemicals
soils under
area.
pressure
resulting
light
from cracks,
structures.
root holes,
hydraulic
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