TM 5-803-13/AFM 126-8
specifications. These documents are used by the land-
with other grading and drainage plans for the project.
d. Irrigation plan. An irrigation plan should include
scape contractor for bidding and constructing the project.
Working drawings, with the exception of construction
the location, size and type of sprinkler heads, drip emit-
details, are based on a scale drawing of the site. The type
ters, pipelines, manual or automatic valves and the water
and number of drawings required for a particular project
source and meter. Symbols for the various components of
may vary, but usually include the plans described below.
the system should be included. Detail drawings which
a. Planting plan. The planting plan shows the location
illustrate back-flow prevention devices, system
and names of all plant materials. The following
construction and assembly requirements or installation of
information about each plant species should be included
various components of the system may be added to the
on or with the plan:
plan.
e. Construction details. Detail drawings are used to
-- Common and botanical names.
-- Size.
clarify the construction requirements of various com-
-- Type of root preparation (i. e., container-grown,
ponents of a landscape project such as paved landscape
balled and burlapped or bare-rooted).
areas, retaining walls, footbridges, benches and fences.
The required quantity of each plant should be indicated in
Detail drawings should include sizes and dimensions of
the plant list.
materials to be used and, whenever necessary, construc-
b. Staking and layout plan. The locations of trees,
tion techniques. Cross sections and elevations may be
shrubs, plant beds, hedges and other elements which
used to convey this information.
f. Specifications and cost estimates. Specifications
pertain to planting are illustrated on the staking and
layout plan. The exact location of each element is deter-
for the project include technical data to support informa-
mined by measuring distances from established baselines
tion contained in the working drawings and must coincide
or, in the case of very large sites, from coordinates of a
with information contained in existing military guide
grid system developed for the site.
specifications. Cost estimates may be used for
c. Landscape grading plan. The landscape grading
establishing a budget and a phasing schedule for con-
plan includes information for finish grading of lawns,
struction of the project.
berms and shrub beds. This plan should be coordinated
Section IV. Design Considerations
2-14. Objectives of landscape design. The over-
improve environmental quality and conserve energy.
all objective of landscape design is to improve the phys-
Plants can be effectively used in a variety of environ-
ical and psychological well-being of people who live and
mental applications including erosion control, air purifi-
work on military installations by enhancing their
cation, noise abatement and climate modification.
d. Minimize maintenance requirements. Appropriate
environment. Specific objectives are described below.
a. Preserve and enhance existing landscape
plant selection and detailing can minimize maintenance
resources. Existing trees, forest lands and detail planting
requirements while improving the visual quality of an
features are important resources and visual assets that
installation.
should be preserved and enhanced for functional as well
2-15. Preservation of existing vegetation. For
as aesthetic reasons.
b. Improve overall visual quality. Aesthetic and func-
the general enhancement of developed areas, as much of
tional applications of appropriate plant materials should
the existing vegetation should be saved as is reasonably
be employed to improve the visual character of military
possible.
a. When the high cost of the extensive planting oper-
installations. Plantings improve visual quality by:
-- Harmoniously blending the built with the natural
ations necessary to restore cleared areas is taken into
environment.
account, complete clearing often cannot be justified.
-- Providing scale and comfort to the pedestrian
Costs of replacing existing vegetation should be weighed
environment.
against costs of any special measures which must be
-- Visually reinforcing the hierarchy of the road net-
taken for preservation. However, there are factors other
work (see App B).
than cost which must be considered, such as the time
-- Screening unsightly views or elements.
required to reestablish equivalent plant growth. Careful
-- Buffering incompatible land uses.
analysis may indicate that existing vegetation should be
c. Improve the environmental quality of the instal-
saved even if initial costs are higher. This is especially
lation. Better use should be made of plant materials to
true in areas where immediate control of dust or erosion
2-17
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