MIL-HDBK-1110
13.4.1.1 Inhalation. Toxic vapors or suspended particles
inhaled into the lungs may be rapidly taken into the rest of the
body. Individual solvents in blends in paints vary widely in
human toxicity. Exposures can be reduced with ventilation and
respirator protection.
13.4.1.2 Ingestion. Ingestion through the mouth usually occurs
from contaminated hands not washed before eating, drinking, or
smoking. Good personal hygiene (hand washing, avoidance of
clothing contamination and keeping tools/surfaces clean) should
be practiced even when gloves are used.
13.4.1.3 Skin Absorption. Skin absorption must occur through
contact. This can be minimized by use of protective clothing.
Contaminated clothing should be removed and disposed of at the
job site and be completely cleaned, and the contaminated person
should thoroughly shower before leaving the job site. The
appropriate protective clothing is paramount to preclude
significant skin contact as some chemicals easily permeate (pass
through) the protective material.
13.4.2
Types of Toxic Materials.
Toxic substances are of four
major categories:
a)
Irritants - inflame eyes, nose, throat, and lungs
b) Asphixiants (e.g., carbon monoxide, nitrogen) -
Interfere with oxygen assimilation or displaces available oxygen
to breathe
c) Nerve poisons (organic solvents, lead compounds,
etc.) - attack nervous system
d) Systemic poisons - affect heart, liver, kidney, or
blood forming organs
13.5
Respiratory Hazards. There are four types of
respiratory hazards:
a)
Dusts - dry particles from grinding and blasting
operations
b)
Mists - liquid particles from cleaning and spraying
operations
c) Gases and vapors of liquids - evaporated cleaning
or paint solvent
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