Calculation Methods for Determination of Depth of Freeze and Thaw in
Soil: Artic and Subartic Construction
Chapter 1: General - ufc_3_130_060008
Chapter 2: Definitions and Thermal Properties
Thermal Properties of Soils and Other Construction Materials
Fundamental Considerations
Figure 2-4. Average Thermal Conductivity for Silt and Clay Soils,Unfrozen
Freezing and Thawing Indexes
Table 2-2. Thermal Properties of Construction Materials
Table 2-2. Thermal Properties of Construction Materials -Cont.
Correlation of Air and Surface Indexes
Figure 2-8. Volumetric Latent Heat for Soils
Freezing Conditions
Figure 2-10. Relationship Between Wind Speed and N-Factor During Thawing Season
Figure 2-11. Relationship Between Mean Freezing Index and Maximum Freezing Index for 10 Years of Record
Figure 2-12: Relationship Between Mean Thawing Index and Maximum Thawing Index for 10 Years of Record
Chapter 3: One Dimensional Linear and Periodic Heat Flow
Figure 3-1. Coefficient in the Modified Berggren Formula
Homogeneous Soils
Multilayer Soils
Table 3-1. Multilayer Solution of Modified Berggren Equation
Surface Temperature Variations
Figure 3-2. Relationship Between (x/2 at) and erf (x/2 at)
Converting Indexes into Equivalent Sine Wave of Temperature
Figure 3-3. Sinusoidal Temperature Pattern
Figure 3-4. Indexes and Equivalent Sinusoidal Temperature
Penetration of Freeze or Thaw Beneath Buildings
Airspace Below Building
Table 3-2. Thaw Penetration Beneath A Slab-On-Grade Building Constructed on Permafrost
Airspace Below Building -Cont. - ufc_3_130_060035
Airspace Below Building -Cont.
Airspace Below Building -Cont. - ufc_3_130_060037
Airspace Below Building -Cont. - ufc_3_130_060038
Use of Thermal Insulating Materials
Use of Thermal Insulating Materials -Cont.
Chapter 4: Two Dimensional Radial Heat Flow
Pile Installation in Permafrost
Figure 4-2. Temperature Around A Cylinder Having Recieved A Step Change in Temperature
Natural Freeze Back Time
Natural Freeze Back Time -Cont.
Pile Spacing
Utility Distribution Systems in Frozen Ground
Utility Distribution Systems in Frozen Ground -Cont.
Figure 4-5. Freezeup of Stationary Water in an Uninsulated Pipe
Freezing and Flowing Water in Buried Pipes
Uninsulated Pipe
Uninsulated Pipe - Cont.
Discussion of Multidimensional Heat Flow
Appendix A
Appendix A -Cont.
Appendix B: Thermal Models for Computing Freeze and Thaw Depths
Graphical and Analog Methods
Numerical Techniques
Chapter 1: General - ufc_3_130_060008
Chapter 2: Definitions and Thermal Properties
Thermal Properties of Soils and Other Construction Materials
Fundamental Considerations
Figure 2-4. Average Thermal Conductivity for Silt and Clay Soils,Unfrozen
Freezing and Thawing Indexes
Table 2-2. Thermal Properties of Construction Materials
Table 2-2. Thermal Properties of Construction Materials -Cont.
Correlation of Air and Surface Indexes
Figure 2-8. Volumetric Latent Heat for Soils
Freezing Conditions
Figure 2-10. Relationship Between Wind Speed and N-Factor During Thawing Season
Figure 2-11. Relationship Between Mean Freezing Index and Maximum Freezing Index for 10 Years of Record
Figure 2-12: Relationship Between Mean Thawing Index and Maximum Thawing Index for 10 Years of Record
Chapter 3: One Dimensional Linear and Periodic Heat Flow
Figure 3-1. Coefficient in the Modified Berggren Formula
Homogeneous Soils
Multilayer Soils
Table 3-1. Multilayer Solution of Modified Berggren Equation
Surface Temperature Variations
Figure 3-2. Relationship Between (x/2 at) and erf (x/2 at)
Converting Indexes into Equivalent Sine Wave of Temperature
Figure 3-3. Sinusoidal Temperature Pattern
Figure 3-4. Indexes and Equivalent Sinusoidal Temperature
Penetration of Freeze or Thaw Beneath Buildings
Airspace Below Building
Table 3-2. Thaw Penetration Beneath A Slab-On-Grade Building Constructed on Permafrost
Airspace Below Building -Cont. - ufc_3_130_060035
Airspace Below Building -Cont.
Airspace Below Building -Cont. - ufc_3_130_060037
Airspace Below Building -Cont. - ufc_3_130_060038
Use of Thermal Insulating Materials
Use of Thermal Insulating Materials -Cont.
Chapter 4: Two Dimensional Radial Heat Flow
Pile Installation in Permafrost
Figure 4-2. Temperature Around A Cylinder Having Recieved A Step Change in Temperature
Natural Freeze Back Time
Natural Freeze Back Time -Cont.
Pile Spacing
Utility Distribution Systems in Frozen Ground
Utility Distribution Systems in Frozen Ground -Cont.
Figure 4-5. Freezeup of Stationary Water in an Uninsulated Pipe
Freezing and Flowing Water in Buried Pipes
Uninsulated Pipe
Uninsulated Pipe - Cont.
Discussion of Multidimensional Heat Flow
Appendix A
Appendix A -Cont.
Appendix B: Thermal Models for Computing Freeze and Thaw Depths
Graphical and Analog Methods
Numerical Techniques
