Design: Solar Heating of Buildings and Domestic Hot Water

• Design: Solar Heating of Buildings and Domestic Hot Water
• Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC)
• Foreword
• Table of Contents
• Chapter 1. Introduction
• References
• Appendix A: Solar Heating of Buildings and Domestic Hot Water
• Solar Heating of Buildings and Domestic Hot Water
• Table of Contents
• Table of Contents -Cont.
• Table of Contents -Cont.
• Table of Contents -Cont.
• Table of Contents -Cont.
• Related criteria
• Related criteria -Cont.
• Related criteria -Cont.
• Solar radiation
• Figure 1-1. The Sun's Path Across the Sky at Specific Times of the Year
• Table 1-1. Total Horizontal Solar Radiation Intensity
• Table 1-1. Total Horizontal Solar Radiation Intensity -Cont.
• Table 1-1. Total Horizontal Solar Radiation Intensity -Cont.
• Table 1-1. Total Horizontal Solar Radiation Intensity -Cont.
• Table 1-1. Total Horizontal Solar Radiation Intensity -Cont.
• Table 1-1. Total Horizontal Solar Radiation Intensity -Cont.
• Solar collector orientation
• Figure 1-3. Collector Tilt for Domestic Hot Water
• Solar collector orientation-Cont.
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Solar System Components
• Figure 2-1: Types of Solar Heat Collectors
• Liquid and air-type collectors
• Table 2-1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Air and Liquid Heating Systems
• Collector covers (glazes)
• Table 2-2. Characteristics of Absorber Coatings
• Table 2-2. Characteristics of Absorber Coatings -Cont.
• Table 2-3. A Comparison of Various Materials Used for Collector Covers
• Collector insulation
• Table 2-4. Guide to Selection of Number of Transparent Cover Plates
• Collector gaskets and sealants
• Collector fluids - corrosion and freeze protection
• Collector fluids - corrosion and freeze protection -Cont.
• Figure 2-4. Typical Configurations for Solar Water Heater Systems
• Figure 2-5. Heat Exchangers for Solar Water Heating Systems
• Collector fluids - corrosion and freeze protection -Cont.
• Silicone fluids
• Table 2-5. Heat Transfer
• Table 2-5. Heat Transfer -Cont.
• Hydrocarbons
• Collector connections
• Figure 2-6a. Collector Piping
• Collector efficiency and heat losses
• Collector efficiency and heat losses -Cont.
• Figure 2-7. Typical Solar Collector Efficiencies
• Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results
• Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results -Cont.
• Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results -Cont.
• Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results -Cont.
• Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results -Cont.
• Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results -Cont.
• Table 2-6. Solar Collector Test Results -Cont.
• Other types of solar collectors
• Concentrating collectors
• Energy storage and auxiliary heat
• Energy storage and auxiliary heat -Cont.
• Figure 2-10. Schematic of Potable Water Heating System Using Solar Storage
• Storage tanks
• Domestic hot water systems (DHW)
• Table 2-7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Tank Types
• Table 2-8. Storage Tank Costs
• Table 2-9. Hot Water Demands and Use for Various Types of Buildings
• Figure 2-11a. Thermosyphon System Tests
• Thermosyphon, batch, and integral storage collector systems
• Space heating and DHW systems
• Figure 2-12. Minimum Heating System, Showing Relationship of Collector, Storage, and Room Unit Heater
• Figure 2-13. Space Heating System with Closed Collector Loop
• Figure 2-15. Typical Air-type Space Heating System
• Heat distribution for liquid-type solar systems
• Heat distribution for air-type solar systems
• Heat pumps
• Heat pumps -Cont.
• Figure 2-17. Series Connected, Solar Assisted Heat Pump System
• Figure 2-18. Parallel Connected Solar Assisted Heat Pump System
• Passive systems
• Figure 2-19. Passive Solar Energy Systems
• Passive systems -Cont.
• Figure 2-21. Vertical Wall Solar Collector
• Figure 2-22. South Wall Solar Collector with Combined Storage
• Figure 2-23. Retrofitted Large Rock Bin Storage
• Solar cooling systems
• Figure 2-24. Schematic of Lithium Bromide Absorption Cooler
• Rankine cycle heat engine cooling
• Desiccant cooling (Scholten and Curran, 1979)
• Figure 2-25. Schematic of solar desiccant cooling
• Other cooling methods
• Figure 2-26. Control System Strategy
• Figure 2-27. Control System for Space and DHW Heating
• Pipe and header sizing
• Pumps and collector flowrate
• Reduction of heat losses
• Contract submittals required
• Contract submittals required -Cont.
• Design Methods
• Figure 3-1. Fraction of Space Heating/DHW Load Supplied by Solar Energy
• Solar collector Parameters
• Load calculations
• Table 3-1. Building Heat Loss Rates
• Table 3-2. Total Heating Degree Days
• Table 3-2. Total Heating Degree Days -Cont.
• Table 3-2. Total Heating Degree Days -Cont.
• Table 3-2. Total Heating Degree Days -Cont.
• Table 3-2. Total Heating Degree Days -Cont.
• Table 3-2. Total Heating Degree Days -Cont.
• Fraction of load supplied by solar heat
• Table 3-3. DHW Temperature at Source in Selected Locations
• Figure 3-2. Side Table
• Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures
• Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures -Cont.
• Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures -Cont.
• Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures -Cont.
• Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures -Cont.
• Table 3-4. Average Daytime Ambient Temperatures -Cont.
• Economic analysis
• Energy Conversion Factors
• Present worth analysis and savings investment ratio
• Present worth analysis using a discount factor
• Present worth analysis without the discount factor
• Table 3-5a.Annual Fuel Inflation Factors, 10% Discount
• Table 3-5b. Fuel Inflation Factors - No Discount
• Table 3-5c. Annual Fuel Inflation Factors, 7% Discount
• Solar system cost
• Table 3-7.  Solar Collector Prices
• Air-heating collector design
• Figure 3-3. Fraction of Space Heating/DHW Load Supplied by Solar Air Heating System
• Job Summary
• Solar Collector Parameters
• Load Calculations
• Demand Calculations Domestic Water Heater
• Monthly Solar Collection Parameters
• Fraction of Load Supplied By Solar Heat
• Value of Fuel Saved
• Present Worth Analysis
• Solar System Cost Analysis
• Additional Cost Items Related to Use of Solar Heating
• Solar Air Collector System Design Summary
• Example Problems
• Example Problems -Cont.
• Example Problems -Cont.
• Job Summary
• Solar Collector Parameters
• Load Calculations
• Demand Calculations Domestic Water Heater
• Monthly Solar Collection Parameters
• Fraction of Load Supplied by Solar Heat
• Value of Fuel Saved
• Present Worth Analysis
• Solar System Cost Analysis
• Directory of Solar Equipment Manufacturers
• References and Select Bibliography
• References and Select Bibliography -Cont.
• References and Select Bibliography -Cont.
• References and Select Bibliography -Cont.
• References and Select Bibliography -Cont.
• References and Select Bibliography -Cont.
• References and Select Bibliography -Cont.
• List of Symbols
• List of Symbols -Cont.
• List of Symbols -Cont.

Design: Solar Heating of Buildings and Domestic Hot Water